新興被字結(jié)構(gòu)的句法研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-10-30 07:54
【摘要】：漢語(yǔ)的“被”字句是漢語(yǔ)的特色之一。2009年網(wǎng)絡(luò)話語(yǔ)“被自殺”產(chǎn)生后,“被就業(yè)”、“被自愿”、“被小康”這類新穎、簡(jiǎn)潔的新興被字結(jié)構(gòu)組成的詞語(yǔ)得到網(wǎng)民的廣泛認(rèn)可,有日益泛化的趨勢(shì)。新興被字結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)高頻使用的能產(chǎn)性新興構(gòu)式。 有趣的是,新興被字結(jié)構(gòu)中的“被”字后面連接的詞語(yǔ)可以是自主動(dòng)詞、名詞、形容詞、及物動(dòng)詞等,與傳統(tǒng)的被字結(jié)構(gòu)大不相同,其中的“被”字后面的位置已經(jīng)成為一個(gè)相對(duì)自由的句法位置。 新興被子結(jié)構(gòu)已經(jīng)引起諸多學(xué)者的關(guān)注,并且已經(jīng)有很多學(xué)者從不同角度進(jìn)行研究,如歷時(shí)角度(馮地云2010),邏輯學(xué)角度(段益民2010),社會(huì)學(xué)角度(劉紅妮2010),語(yǔ)義學(xué)角度(劉杰、邵敬敏2010),語(yǔ)用學(xué)角度(傅開平、彭吉軍2009),句法學(xué)角度(劉杰、邵敬敏2010)等。但是對(duì)于新興被字結(jié)構(gòu),從句法學(xué)角度的研究還不完善,本文將從句法學(xué)角度著手,進(jìn)一步探討其句法生成過程。 在探討新興被字結(jié)構(gòu)的句法生成過程之前,本文還回顧了傳統(tǒng)被字句中“被”字的句法地位和長(zhǎng)短被字句的句法生成過程�！氨弧弊值妮p動(dòng)詞說(shuō)更為合理。 本文以喬姆斯基《最簡(jiǎn)方案》中的合并、移位和特征核查為理論基礎(chǔ),探討了新興被字結(jié)構(gòu)的句法生成過程,這個(gè)過程可以分三步。 第一步：施事者+自主動(dòng)詞/名詞/形容詞/非自主動(dòng)詞。在這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)當(dāng)中的名詞和形容詞都發(fā)生使役化,活用作動(dòng)詞,參與句法運(yùn)算。 第二步：施事者+使+受事者+自主動(dòng)詞/名詞/形容詞/非自主動(dòng)詞。新興被字結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生的背景是有一個(gè)外力,這個(gè)外力使用非正常的手段,使動(dòng)作的施事者“被逼、被認(rèn)為、被說(shuō)成”執(zhí)行了后面的行為。而自主動(dòng)詞從語(yǔ)義上說(shuō)是能表示有意識(shí)的或有心的動(dòng)作行為的(馬慶珠1988),如果直接把自主動(dòng)詞用在這里就會(huì)產(chǎn)生矛盾。所以第二部在第一步的基礎(chǔ)上增加了外力即真正施事者和動(dòng)詞“使”,讓其表達(dá)意義更接近新興被子結(jié)構(gòu)所隱含的意義。作者發(fā)現(xiàn),這個(gè)過程生成的句子結(jié)構(gòu)是漢語(yǔ)中的兼語(yǔ)式結(jié)構(gòu),其句子成分和生成過程與英語(yǔ)的SVOC結(jié)構(gòu)句型類似,并對(duì)兩者的句法生成過程進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究。 第三步：受事者+被+自主動(dòng)詞/名詞/形容詞/非自主動(dòng)詞。作者發(fā)現(xiàn),英語(yǔ)SVOC的被動(dòng)式和兼語(yǔ)式的被動(dòng)式類似,并推導(dǎo)了兼語(yǔ)式的被動(dòng)式的生成過程。兼語(yǔ)式中的被動(dòng)意義由“被”字來(lái)承擔(dān),相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)被動(dòng)式中的-en,但“被”不是附著語(yǔ)素,而是用作輕動(dòng)詞。當(dāng)被動(dòng)式中加入“被”字,其后的動(dòng)詞相當(dāng)于英語(yǔ)中的動(dòng)詞的過去分詞,失去了為后面賓語(yǔ)賦格和為主語(yǔ)賦題元角色的能力,使得原句賓語(yǔ)必須移位滿足格特征核查。而在漢語(yǔ)中,因?yàn)橐粋�(gè)句子不能既表示主動(dòng)又表示被動(dòng),所以在生成被動(dòng)式的過程中,“被”和“使”不會(huì)同時(shí)出現(xiàn),“使”字被刪除。經(jīng)過合并、移位和刪除的句法運(yùn)算,生成新興的被字結(jié)構(gòu)。
[Abstract]:"Bei" is one of the features of the Chinese language. After the Internet discourse "suicide" came into being in 2009, it was novel, such as "being employed", "being willing", "being well-off" and so on. The simple and new words composed of word structure are widely accepted by netizens, and have a trend of generalization day by day. Emerging quad structure has become a productive emerging construction used in high frequency. Interestingly, the words attached to the word "be" in the new structure can be autonomous verbs, nouns, adjectives, transitive verbs, etc., which are quite different from the traditional structure of the quad. The position behind the word "be" has become a relatively free syntactic position. The new quilt structure has attracted the attention of many scholars, and many scholars have studied it from different angles, such as diachronic angle (Feng Diyun 2010), logic angle (Duan Yimin 2010), sociology angle (Liu Hongnie 2010). Semantics angle (Liu Jie, Shao Jingmin 2010), pragmatics angle (Fu Kaiping, Peng Jijun 2009), syntactic angle (Liu Jie, Shao Jingmin 2010) and so on. However, the research on the new quad structure is not perfect, so this paper discusses the syntactic formation process of clause jurisprudence. This paper also reviews the syntactic status of "Bei" and the syntactic generation process of long and long quad sentences in the traditional Bei sentence before discussing the syntactic generation process of the emerging quad structure. The light verb of the word "be" is more reasonable. Based on the theory of merging, shifting and feature checking in Chomsky's Minimalist Scheme, this paper discusses the syntactic generation process of emerging quad structures, which can be divided into three steps. Step 1: the doer's autonomous verb / noun / adjective / involuntary verb. Nouns and adjectives in this structure are causative, used as verbs, and participate in syntactic operations. Step 2: the doer makes the subject autonomous verb / noun / adjective / involuntary verb. The background of the emerging word structure is an external force that uses abnormal means to force the agent of the action to be "forced, considered, and said to have carried out the latter act." On the other hand, autonomous verbs are semantically capable of expressing conscious or intentional action (Ma Qingzhu 1988), and there will be contradictions if the autonomous verbs are directly used here. Therefore, the second part adds the external force, that is, the real agent and the verb "make" on the basis of the first step, so that the meaning of the expression is closer to the implied meaning of the new quilt structure. The author finds that the sentence structure generated by this process is a syntactic structure in Chinese, and its sentence composition and generating process are similar to those of the SVOC structure in English, and a comparative study is made on the syntactic generation process of the two sentences. Step 3: the subject is subjected to autonomous verbs / nouns / adjectives / non-autonomous verbs. The author finds that the passive form of English SVOC is similar to the passive form of concurrent language, and deduces the generating process of passive form of concurrent language. The passive meaning in the paraphrase is assumed by the word "be", which is equivalent to-en, but is not attached morpheme, but is used as a light verb. When the word "be" is added in the passive form, the following verb is equivalent to the past participle of the verb in English, which loses the ability to fugue the following object and assign the subject to the role of the subject, so that the object of the original sentence must be shifted to satisfy the check of the case characteristics. In Chinese, because a sentence can not be both active and passive, in the process of generating passive form, "be" and "make" do not appear at the same time, and the word "make" is deleted. Through the syntactic operation of merging, shifting and deleting, the emerging quad structure is generated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146
本文編號(hào)：2299403
[Abstract]:"Bei" is one of the features of the Chinese language. After the Internet discourse "suicide" came into being in 2009, it was novel, such as "being employed", "being willing", "being well-off" and so on. The simple and new words composed of word structure are widely accepted by netizens, and have a trend of generalization day by day. Emerging quad structure has become a productive emerging construction used in high frequency. Interestingly, the words attached to the word "be" in the new structure can be autonomous verbs, nouns, adjectives, transitive verbs, etc., which are quite different from the traditional structure of the quad. The position behind the word "be" has become a relatively free syntactic position. The new quilt structure has attracted the attention of many scholars, and many scholars have studied it from different angles, such as diachronic angle (Feng Diyun 2010), logic angle (Duan Yimin 2010), sociology angle (Liu Hongnie 2010). Semantics angle (Liu Jie, Shao Jingmin 2010), pragmatics angle (Fu Kaiping, Peng Jijun 2009), syntactic angle (Liu Jie, Shao Jingmin 2010) and so on. However, the research on the new quad structure is not perfect, so this paper discusses the syntactic formation process of clause jurisprudence. This paper also reviews the syntactic status of "Bei" and the syntactic generation process of long and long quad sentences in the traditional Bei sentence before discussing the syntactic generation process of the emerging quad structure. The light verb of the word "be" is more reasonable. Based on the theory of merging, shifting and feature checking in Chomsky's Minimalist Scheme, this paper discusses the syntactic generation process of emerging quad structures, which can be divided into three steps. Step 1: the doer's autonomous verb / noun / adjective / involuntary verb. Nouns and adjectives in this structure are causative, used as verbs, and participate in syntactic operations. Step 2: the doer makes the subject autonomous verb / noun / adjective / involuntary verb. The background of the emerging word structure is an external force that uses abnormal means to force the agent of the action to be "forced, considered, and said to have carried out the latter act." On the other hand, autonomous verbs are semantically capable of expressing conscious or intentional action (Ma Qingzhu 1988), and there will be contradictions if the autonomous verbs are directly used here. Therefore, the second part adds the external force, that is, the real agent and the verb "make" on the basis of the first step, so that the meaning of the expression is closer to the implied meaning of the new quilt structure. The author finds that the sentence structure generated by this process is a syntactic structure in Chinese, and its sentence composition and generating process are similar to those of the SVOC structure in English, and a comparative study is made on the syntactic generation process of the two sentences. Step 3: the subject is subjected to autonomous verbs / nouns / adjectives / non-autonomous verbs. The author finds that the passive form of English SVOC is similar to the passive form of concurrent language, and deduces the generating process of passive form of concurrent language. The passive meaning in the paraphrase is assumed by the word "be", which is equivalent to-en, but is not attached morpheme, but is used as a light verb. When the word "be" is added in the passive form, the following verb is equivalent to the past participle of the verb in English, which loses the ability to fugue the following object and assign the subject to the role of the subject, so that the object of the original sentence must be shifted to satisfy the check of the case characteristics. In Chinese, because a sentence can not be both active and passive, in the process of generating passive form, "be" and "make" do not appear at the same time, and the word "make" is deleted. Through the syntactic operation of merging, shifting and deleting, the emerging quad structure is generated.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146
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相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條
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