【摘要】：近代漢語的動態(tài)助詞是唐代新產(chǎn)生的一個助詞類別。自唐至今經(jīng)歷了由繁而簡的演化過程。其中，“了”、“著”、“過”在元代口語中使用頻繁�！独掀虼蟆芬粫窃r人（古韓國人）學(xué)習(xí)漢語的教材，其語言極具口語化。清代的《儒林外史》是現(xiàn)實主義諷刺小說，語言是比較純熟的白話。這兩本書的語言特點能夠反映當(dāng)時的實際語言面貌，具有非常重要的文獻(xiàn)價值。 筆者對《原本老乞大》和《儒林外史》中動態(tài)助詞“了”、“著”、“過”的使用與分布情況進行比較研究。旨在探尋元、清兩個時期“了”、“著”、“過”的基本發(fā)展情況和特點。進而總結(jié)或印證其發(fā)展演變的規(guī)律，揭示出語言現(xiàn)象的演變軌跡。這對于深入了解漢語助詞系統(tǒng)，以至對整個漢語語法史的研究，都具有重要的理論意義和參考價值。 本文首先應(yīng)用數(shù)據(jù)庫手段，全面收集這些語言成分所出現(xiàn)的句子，爾后運用統(tǒng)計的方法，對動態(tài)助詞“了”、“著”、“過”在《原本老乞大》和《儒林外史》中的使用格式、構(gòu)成成分、語法功能進行窮盡的、定量的、準(zhǔn)確的描寫和分析，考察它們在不同情況下所表達(dá)的不同語法意義，以理清此時漢語動態(tài)助詞的發(fā)展面貌。在此基礎(chǔ)上對《原本老乞大》和《儒林外史》中的“了”、“著”、“過”的語法格式和語法功能進行歷史縱向的比較，通過對其異同的比較分析，探討這些動態(tài)助詞演變的誘因、機制和過程。 通過描寫和解釋，得出結(jié)論：一是在元代動態(tài)助詞各成員之間功能交叉重迭的狀況仍然存在。而到了清代動態(tài)助詞分工明確，用法成熟。二是動態(tài)助詞“了”在元至清時期使用頻率迅速增長，快速發(fā)展，用法已經(jīng)與現(xiàn)代漢語非常接近�！爸�、“過”的用法和功能也日趨成熟。
[Abstract]:The dynamic auxiliary word in modern Chinese is a new type of auxiliary word in Tang Dynasty. From Tang Dynasty to now, it has experienced the evolution from complexity to simplicity. Among them, "er", "Zhe" and "Yue" are frequently used in the oral language of Yuan Dynasty. "Lao Qi Da" is a textbook for Korean (ancient Korean) learning Chinese in Yuan Dynasty, and its language is extremely colloquial. The history of Confucianism in Qing Dynasty is a realistic satire, and the language is a familiar vernacular. The linguistic features of these two books can reflect the actual linguistic features of the time, and have very important literature value. The author makes a comparative study on the use and distribution of the dynamic auxiliary words "already", "Zhe" and "overpass" in "Old Qida" and "History of Confucianism". The purpose is to explore the basic development and characteristics of Yuan Dynasty, Qing Dynasty and Qing Dynasty. Then it summarizes or verifies the law of its development and evolution, and reveals the evolution of language phenomenon. It is of great theoretical significance and reference value for further understanding of Chinese auxiliary word system and even for the study of the whole history of Chinese grammar. In this paper, we first use the database method to collect the sentences that appear in these language components, and then use the statistical method to make use of the forms of the dynamic auxiliary words such as "er", "Zhao" and "you" in "original Old Qida" and "the History of Confucianism". The components and grammatical functions are described and analyzed in an exhaustive, quantitative and accurate manner, and their different grammatical meanings are investigated in order to clarify the development of Chinese dynamic auxiliary words at this time. On this basis, the historical vertical comparison of the grammatical forms and grammatical functions of the original Old beggars and the History of Confucianism and Foreign History is carried out, and the similarities and differences between them are analyzed. This paper probes into the inducement, mechanism and process of the evolution of these dynamic auxiliary words. Through description and explanation, the following conclusions are drawn: first, the overlapping of functions among the members of dynamic auxiliary words in Yuan Dynasty still exists. By the Qing Dynasty, the dynamic auxiliary word division of labor is clear, the usage is mature. The second is that the dynamic auxiliary has been used rapidly from Yuan to Qing Dynasty, and its usage is very close to that of modern Chinese. The usage and function of "Zhe" and "Yu" are becoming more and more mature.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：2299243