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《孟子》連動(dòng)式研究

發(fā)布時(shí)間:2018-10-29 09:16
【摘要】:本文以《孟子》連動(dòng)式為研究對(duì)象,堅(jiān)持語(yǔ)法形式和語(yǔ)法意義相結(jié)合、定量分析與定性分析相結(jié)合的原則,對(duì)其動(dòng)詞、連詞、句法、語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)用五個(gè)方面進(jìn)行考察。 在緒論部分,對(duì)本文涉及的語(yǔ)料、研究問(wèn)題、研究現(xiàn)狀等進(jìn)行綜述式回顧,重點(diǎn)是“連動(dòng)式”概念的界定,,為窮盡式的語(yǔ)法研究奠定基礎(chǔ)。 在動(dòng)詞分析中,動(dòng)詞項(xiàng)V1、V2幾乎全由普通動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成,動(dòng)詞項(xiàng)的組合中;普通動(dòng)詞與普通動(dòng)詞的組合占絕對(duì)優(yōu)勢(shì),其中行為動(dòng)詞是構(gòu)成連動(dòng)式動(dòng)詞項(xiàng)的主體;而在語(yǔ)序上的復(fù)雜性,筆者認(rèn)為這跟動(dòng)詞連用在摹擬性、相容性和習(xí)慣性三個(gè)方面的語(yǔ)義限制有關(guān)。 在連詞“而”、“以”、“而后”的分析中,三者使用頻率差距較大,這種不平衡性應(yīng)該與它們的歷史來(lái)源、語(yǔ)法功能差異相關(guān);同時(shí),連詞與動(dòng)詞項(xiàng)組合用例最多的是單用動(dòng)詞和動(dòng)賓短語(yǔ)的組合;連詞的運(yùn)用,在表達(dá)上能增加連動(dòng)的氣勢(shì),形成韻律美感。 在句法分析中,無(wú)標(biāo)志連動(dòng)式中的附加式例句相對(duì)較少,幾乎全為單層連動(dòng)式,該種情況跟V2為言說(shuō)類(lèi)動(dòng)詞有關(guān);而在有標(biāo)志連動(dòng)式中,雖仍以單層式為主,但多層式例句數(shù)量有所增加。同時(shí)我們也把連動(dòng)式與形似結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了區(qū)分,重點(diǎn)探討它們之間的本質(zhì)差別。 在語(yǔ)義分析中,單層連動(dòng)式中的時(shí)間同時(shí)關(guān)系例句占大半,時(shí)間先后附加其他語(yǔ)義關(guān)系例句次之,單純時(shí)間先后關(guān)系例句最少。從語(yǔ)義指向來(lái)看,狀語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)義指向可以單獨(dú)或同時(shí)后指V1、V2;動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)義指向主要是與連動(dòng)式中主語(yǔ)和賓語(yǔ)發(fā)生語(yǔ)義關(guān)系,可以分為五種情況;語(yǔ)義指向分析的作用可以分化句法歧義,把連動(dòng)式與形似句法結(jié)構(gòu)區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)。 在語(yǔ)用分析上,連動(dòng)句由于具有表達(dá)整體性、語(yǔ)氣連貫性、行文簡(jiǎn)潔性和意義強(qiáng)調(diào)性等四個(gè)特點(diǎn),而具備自身獨(dú)立存在的語(yǔ)用價(jià)值;同時(shí),在表達(dá)中運(yùn)用連動(dòng)式與否,需要我們根據(jù)內(nèi)容表達(dá)的實(shí)際來(lái)取舍與平衡,而篇章運(yùn)用的探討,限于學(xué)識(shí)及本文討論的范圍,僅提出了自己的設(shè)想,其他內(nèi)容有待進(jìn)日后分析。
[Abstract]:This paper takes Mencius as the object of study, adheres to the principle of combining grammatical form with grammatical meaning, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, and investigates its verbs, conjunctions, syntax, semantics and pragmatics. In the introduction part, the author reviews the corpus, the research problems, the current research situation and so on. The emphasis is on the definition of the concept of "continuous verb", which lays a foundation for the exhaustive grammatical study. In the verb analysis, the verb item V1 / V2 is almost composed of ordinary verbs, and the combination of common verbs and ordinary verbs is the absolute dominant one, among which the behavioral verb is the main part of the continuous verb. However, the complexity of word order is related to the semantic limitation of verbs in three aspects: mimicry, compatibility and habituation. In the analysis of the conjunctions "and", "to", "after", there is a large gap in the use of the three words, which should be related to their historical sources and grammatical function differences. At the same time, the combination of conjunction and verb is the combination of single verb and verb-object phrase, and the use of conjunction can increase the momentum of conjunctions and form a sense of rhythm. In syntactic analysis, there are relatively few additional example sentences in unmarked conjunctive verbs, almost all of them are single-layer continuous verbs, which is related to V2 verbal verbs. In the marked continuous pattern, although the single-level pattern is still dominant, the number of multi-level example sentences has increased. At the same time, we distinguish the contiguous motion form from the similar structure, and discuss the essential difference between them. In the semantic analysis, the time simultaneous relation is the most part in the single-layer continuous pattern, followed by the addition of other semantic relation in time, and the least in the simple temporal relation. From the semantic point of view, the semantic direction of adverbial can be either alone or at the same time, and the semantic direction of verb is mainly related to the subject and object in the continuous verb, which can be divided into five situations. The function of semantic direction analysis can differentiate syntactic ambiguity from syntactic structure. In pragmatic analysis, continuous sentence has its own independent pragmatic value because of its four characteristics: integrity of expression, consistency of mood, brevity of writing and emphasis of meaning. At the same time, it is necessary for us to choose and balance it according to the actual situation of content expression, and the discussion of text application is limited to knowledge and the scope of discussion in this paper, so we only put forward our own ideas. Other content needs to be analyzed later.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】:H141

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