【摘要】：本文首先通過對亢世勇、劉海潤主編的《新詞語大詞典（1978——2002）》以及王均熙主編的《新世紀(jì)漢語新詞詞典》（收錄的是2000——2005年的新詞語）和《漢語新詞詞典2006——2010》進(jìn)行分類、分析，分別得出20世紀(jì)80年代的新詞語、90年代的新詞語和2000——2010年這三個階段的新詞語，這樣就建立起新時期新詞語的全部面貌。然后再與李行健主編的《現(xiàn)代漢語規(guī)范詞典》（第二版）（2010年出版）進(jìn)行對比，看哪些新詞語進(jìn)入了基本穩(wěn)定的狀態(tài)，哪些新詞語還處于現(xiàn)代漢語詞匯的活動層面。 其后探討新詞語的產(chǎn)生原因，本文提出從新創(chuàng)、吸收、改造、類推、激活五個方面進(jìn)行分析。其中新創(chuàng)，就是指新創(chuàng)造出來的新詞語，包括社會的發(fā)展變化帶來的新詞語、人們的價值觀念變化帶來的新詞語以及網(wǎng)絡(luò)帶來的新詞語；吸收，包括吸收外來詞和吸收港澳臺社區(qū)詞以及方言詞；改造，就是對舊詞進(jìn)行改造，包括兩種，一種是改造后未產(chǎn)生新義，如縮略、簡稱、合稱、諧音帶來的改造并沒有導(dǎo)致新義的產(chǎn)生，一種是改造后產(chǎn)生了新義，如比喻、引申等使原詞的意義發(fā)生了轉(zhuǎn)移；類推，分為相對類推和成列類推，其中成列類推產(chǎn)生了大量詞族，是新詞語發(fā)展過程中的一個明顯特點(diǎn)；激活，，包括激活舊詞和激活舊字，這些舊詞和舊義因?yàn)橐恍┥鐣䶮狳c(diǎn)等原因被廣泛熟知或重視。 再后，本文從宏觀角度分析了新詞語在三個時期的不同發(fā)展方向，以數(shù)據(jù)說明哪些新詞語進(jìn)入了漢語的穩(wěn)定層面，哪些新詞語仍處于現(xiàn)代漢語的活動層面，并從新事物、新概念的普及性和不流行性的博弈、新價值觀念與舊思想觀念的博弈、語言經(jīng)濟(jì)型和明確性的博弈、外來詞語與本族漢語詞的博弈、語言自身的規(guī)范性原則五個方面分析新詞語有不同發(fā)展方向的原因。 最后本文從微觀著手，分析新詞語在每個時期的音節(jié)種類及分布特點(diǎn)、詞性種類及分布特點(diǎn)以及內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu)種類和分布特點(diǎn)，得出它們發(fā)展中的相同趨勢和不同特點(diǎn)，為2000——2010年以及以后的新詞語發(fā)展方向提供預(yù)測提示。希望本文能為研究新詞語的動態(tài)發(fā)展提供一些啟示。
[Abstract]:In this paper, first of all, The New words Dictionary (1978-2002), the New Century Chinese New words Dictionary (which contains the new words from 2000-2005) and the Chinese New words Dictionary 2006-2010, edited by Liu Hailun (1978-2002), are classified and analyzed. The new words of the 1980s, the new words of the 1990s and the new words of the three stages from 2000 to 2010 are obtained respectively, so that the whole face of the new words in the new period is established. Then it compares with Li Xingjian's Dictionary of norms of Modern Chinese (second Edition) (published in 2010) to see which new words have entered a stable state and which are still in the active level of modern Chinese vocabulary. Then it discusses the causes of neologisms, and analyzes them from five aspects: innovation, absorption, transformation, analogies and activation. The new word is the new word, including the new word brought by the development of society, the new word brought by the change of people's values and the new word brought by the network. Including the absorption of foreign words, the absorption of community words from Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan, and the use of dialect words; transformation means the transformation of old words, which includes two types. One is that new meanings have not been generated after the transformation, such as acronyms, abbreviations, and combination. The transformation brought about by homophony did not lead to the production of new meanings. One is that after the transformation, new meanings are produced, such as metaphor, extension and so on, so that the meaning of the original words is transferred; analogy is divided into relative analogies and series analogies. Among them, a large number of word families are generated by analogy, which is an obvious feature in the development of new words, and activation, including activation of old words and old words, which have been widely known or paid attention to because of some social hot spots, etc. After that, this paper analyzes the different development directions of neologisms in three periods from a macro perspective, and explains with data which neologisms have entered the stable level of Chinese, which neologisms are still in the active level of modern Chinese, and from the perspective of new things. The popularity and non-epidemic game of new concepts, the game between new values and old ideas, the game between language economy and clarity, the game between loanwords and native Chinese words, This paper analyzes the reasons for the different development of neologisms from five aspects of the normative principles of language itself. Finally, from the micro perspective, this paper analyzes the syllable types and distribution characteristics, parts of speech types and distribution characteristics, internal structure types and distribution characteristics of neologisms in each period, and finds out the same trends and different characteristics in their development. It provides a forecast for the development direction of new words in 2000-2010 and beyond. I hope this paper can provide some enlightenment for the study of the dynamic development of neologisms.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H136

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