【摘要】：捷克語,作為屈折性語言,沒有像漢語補語一樣的語法句法現(xiàn)象,修飾謂語動詞的句子成分只有狀語。要把捷克語狀語翻譯成漢語,有兩個可能性。一是把它翻譯成像漢語一樣的狀語；二是把它翻譯成程度補語。狀語和補語在漢語里是有語義差別的,但是母語為捷克語的漢語學(xué)習(xí)者經(jīng)常是看不出差別來的。具體應(yīng)該翻譯成什么只能根據(jù)語境來決定,而且翻譯方法的選擇通常依賴于語感。捷克的中文學(xué)缺少這方面的語言研究,我們在漢語教學(xué)中遇到上述問題時就解釋不了,漢語學(xué)生則掌握不好這些問題。因此,本論文通過例句對比分析,總結(jié)出漢語狀語與程度補語的用法規(guī)律,并對捷克的漢語教學(xué)提出一些建議。 本論文共分五章。第一章的第一節(jié)說明漢語狀語和程度補語的互換性帶來的問題以及本論文主題選擇的動機；第二節(jié)介紹相似研究在國內(nèi)外的現(xiàn)狀和捷克的中文學(xué)概況；第三節(jié)則說明本論文對比分析材料的來源。由于在進行對比研究時,需要使用來自中國和捷克兩種不同的語言學(xué)術(shù)語和對語言現(xiàn)象的理解,所以第四節(jié)我們對這些差異進行梳理,并講明我們在本論文里采用的相關(guān)語法和句法術(shù)語和概念。 進行對比分析之前,我們逐一介紹相關(guān)語法句法點。第二章第一節(jié),我們首先描寫漢語狀語在句子中的位置、功能和狀語的基本種類；第二節(jié),描寫漢語程度補語的功能和種類；第三節(jié),思考漢語狀語和程度補語在語義方面的差別,并提供我們對漢語句子結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯理解和概念。 第三章較詳細(xì)地描述捷克語狀語及其在句中的功能和分類,以方便讀者更好地理解捷克語狀語相關(guān)捷克語語法點。本章我們舉出很多例子,因為句子成分順序?qū)h語和捷克語句法結(jié)構(gòu)的了解尤其重要。第三章第二節(jié),說明兩種語言的句子詞序和“語句的實際切分”的概念。 第四章是本論文的主題——例句的分析。首先我們在第一節(jié)說明例句選擇和分析方法；第二節(jié)根據(jù)在例句分析過程中發(fā)現(xiàn)的規(guī)律分為兩個組,每個組包含原句跟對比句的對比和規(guī)律的解釋。第三節(jié)則把通過對比發(fā)現(xiàn)的規(guī)律總結(jié)出來,并基于它們對捷克的漢語教學(xué)提出一些建議。 第五章為本文的結(jié)論。
[Abstract]:Czech, as a inflectional language, does not have grammatical and syntactic phenomena like Chinese complements. There are two possibilities for translating Czech adverbials into Chinese. One is to translate it into adverbial like Chinese, the other is to translate it into degree complement. Adverbials and complements are semantically different in Chinese, but Chinese learners whose mother tongue is Czech are often invisible. What should be translated can only be determined by context, and the choice of translation methods usually depends on language sense. There is a lack of language research in Czech studies of Chinese, which we cannot explain when we encounter the above problems in Chinese teaching, and Chinese students can not master these problems. Therefore, through the comparative analysis of examples, this paper sums up the usage rules of adverbial and degree complement in Chinese, and puts forward some suggestions for the teaching of Chinese in Czech Republic. This thesis is divided into five chapters. The first section of the first chapter explains the problems caused by the interchangeability of adverbial and degree complement in Chinese and the motivation of theme selection in this thesis. The third section explains the source of the comparative analysis of the material in this paper. Since it is necessary to use two different linguistic terms from China and the Czech Republic and to understand linguistic phenomena in the comparative study, in the fourth section we sort out these differences. The relevant grammatical and syntactic terms and concepts used in this thesis are also described. Before making a contrastive analysis, we introduce the syntactic points one by one. In the first section, we first describe the position, function and basic types of adverbial in the sentence; in the second section, we describe the function and type of the Chinese degree complement; in the third section, we describe the function and the type of the adverbial in the sentence; in the second section, we describe the function and the type of the Chinese degree complement; This paper considers the semantic differences between adverbial and degree complement, and provides us with the logical understanding and concept of Chinese sentence structure. The third chapter describes in detail the function and classification of the adverbial in the Czech language, so as to facilitate the readers to better understand the grammatical points of the Czech language related to the adverbial. In this chapter, we give many examples because the sequence of sentence components is particularly important in understanding Chinese and Czech syntactic structures. Chapter 3, section 2, explains the word order of sentences and the concept of "actual segmentation of sentences" in both languages. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the topic of this paper-example sentence. In the first section, we explain the method of sample sentence selection and analysis. The second section is divided into two groups according to the rules found in the process of example sentence analysis. Each group contains the contrastive and regular interpretation of the original sentence and the contrast sentence. The third section summarizes the laws found through comparison, and puts forward some suggestions on the Czech language teaching based on them. The fifth chapter is the conclusion of this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中央民族大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H195

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本文編號：2228666