【摘要】：世界上存在著5000多種語(yǔ)言，也就是說有大約5000種不同的語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)。需要思考的是對(duì)于兩個(gè)沒有血緣關(guān)系、沒有歷史糾葛的語(yǔ)言X和Y之間是否會(huì)存在共同點(diǎn)。事實(shí)上，各個(gè)語(yǔ)言雖然在表面上看來不同，但是實(shí)際上人類各語(yǔ)言之間存在著共性，這就是語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)的理論基礎(chǔ)。 發(fā)現(xiàn)語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象變異的規(guī)律，指出這種變異的限制，這正是研究語(yǔ)言類型、語(yǔ)言共性的學(xué)者所關(guān)心的問題。語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)被看作為一個(gè)歷時(shí)的研究工具，它不僅研究現(xiàn)存的語(yǔ)言，也研究古代語(yǔ)言。毫無疑問，語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)也進(jìn)行共時(shí)研究。這一切都使得它可以分析、解釋語(yǔ)言的演變、共性和變異的限制。另外，類型學(xué)是針對(duì)“人類所有語(yǔ)言”的。它更靠近普通語(yǔ)言學(xué)，它的目標(biāo)是通過各種語(yǔ)言來研究語(yǔ)言運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)的規(guī)律。通過語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)，我們可以把漢語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)放在一個(gè)更為一般、更為廣泛的研究框架中審視。 本文的主題，一方面是研究漢語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)之間的共同點(diǎn)，另一個(gè)方面是研究?jī)烧叩淖儺�，特別是要在表面上的變異中找出變異的規(guī)律和限制。我們首先觀察兩種語(yǔ)言的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，然后建立兩種語(yǔ)言的共性和不同，然后再嘗試進(jìn)行功能上的解釋。當(dāng)然，這一切都是在語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)的視角之下。本文的目的是比較漢語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)言系統(tǒng)，為語(yǔ)言教學(xué)、語(yǔ)言之間的翻譯等工作提供一些理論基礎(chǔ)。 雖然，語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)研究的主要是不同語(yǔ)言之間的共性和變異，但是研究的角度卻有很多。Robin曾經(jīng)將其總結(jié)為：語(yǔ)音類型和音位類型、語(yǔ)法類型、語(yǔ)義類型。實(shí)際上還應(yīng)該有語(yǔ)篇類型等。但是，本文沒能把所有的內(nèi)容都包含進(jìn)去，只選擇其中的一個(gè)領(lǐng)域?qū)h語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)進(jìn)行類型學(xué)視角下的對(duì)比研究。語(yǔ)法類型是類型學(xué)研究的核心部分，包含了很多研究?jī)?nèi)容。本論文的研究就主要在語(yǔ)法類型的范圍內(nèi)展開。 第一章簡(jiǎn)要描述語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)的發(fā)展歷史，介紹語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)研究中的一個(gè)最重要的研究方法：建立蘊(yùn)含關(guān)系。 第二章通過漢語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象分析兩個(gè)最基本的理?yè)?jù)：象似性和經(jīng)濟(jì)性。 第三章在不同的層次上研究詞綴和形態(tài)屈折。另外，，還要回顧傳統(tǒng)類型學(xué)的形態(tài)分類，在此基礎(chǔ)上，測(cè)量融合度和綜合度。 第四章通過三個(gè)最主要的句法成分—主語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞、賓語(yǔ)，研究了小句的語(yǔ)序。討論漢語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)的基本語(yǔ)序，同時(shí)也對(duì)話題句結(jié)構(gòu)做出分析。 第五章研究漢語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)短語(yǔ)層面的語(yǔ)序。主要為三種短語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)序：名詞短語(yǔ)、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)。名詞短語(yǔ)包括一個(gè)名詞核心和各類修飾語(yǔ)（指別詞、形容詞等）。動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)包括一個(gè)動(dòng)詞核心和各種狀語(yǔ)（副詞等）。介詞短語(yǔ)包括介詞核心和名詞。本文主要分析這三種短語(yǔ)在漢語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)中的共性，這正是語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)所關(guān)注的。 事實(shí)上，對(duì)漢語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)進(jìn)行對(duì)比是較為困難的，一直以來都沒有什么太好的理論方法，而語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)視角為我們解決這個(gè)困難提供了一個(gè)方法。當(dāng)然，我們不會(huì)天真地認(rèn)為所有的困難都能得到解決，但是我們至少有了一個(gè)較為適合的理論框架來對(duì)比漢語(yǔ)和法語(yǔ)，這些困難的解決也至少有了一些可能的途徑或方法。
[Abstract]:There are more than 5,000 languages in the world, that is, about 5,000 different language systems. What needs to be considered is whether there will be something in common between two unrelated, unrelated languages, X and Y. In fact, each language, though seemingly different, actually has a common denominator among human languages. This is the theoretical basis of linguistic typology.
Discovering the law of variation in language phenomena and pointing out the limitations of this variation are the concerns of scholars who study language types and linguistic commonalities. Linguistic typology is regarded as a diachronic research tool. It not only studies existing languages, but also ancient languages. There is no doubt that linguistic typology also studies them synchronously. It is closer to general linguistics. Its goal is to study the laws of language operation through various languages. Through linguistic typology, we can put Chinese and French in a more general and more general way. For a broad framework of research.
The theme of this paper is to study the similarities and differences between Chinese and French on the one hand, and the variation between them on the other, especially to find out the rules and limitations of variation in the superficial variation. The purpose of this paper is to compare the language systems of Chinese and French so as to provide some theoretical basis for language teaching and translation between languages.
Although linguistic typology mainly studies the similarities and variations between different languages, there are many perspectives. Robin once summed them up as phonological and phonological types, grammatical types, semantic types. In fact, there should be textual types and so on. However, this paper fails to include all the contents and only selects them. Grammatical typology is the core of typology and contains a lot of research content. The research of this paper is mainly carried out within the scope of grammatical typology.
Chapter One briefly describes the history of linguistic typology and introduces one of the most important research methods in linguistic typology: the establishment of implicative relations.
The second chapter analyzes the two basic motivations: iconicity and economy through the grammatical phenomena of Chinese and French.
Chapter 3 studies affixes and morphological inflections at different levels. In addition, the morphological classification of traditional typology should be reviewed, and on this basis, the degree of fusion and comprehensiveness should be measured.
Chapter Four studies the word order of clauses through three main syntactic components - subject, verb and object. It discusses the basic word order of Chinese and French, and analyzes the structure of the topic sentences.
The fifth chapter studies the word order at the phrase level in Chinese and French. It mainly consists of three phrases: NOUN phrase, prepositional phrase and verb phrase. A noun phrase consists of a noun core and various modifiers (participles, adjectives, etc.). A verb phrase consists of a verb core and various adverbials (adverbs, etc.). Nouns. This paper mainly analyzes the commonalities of these three phrases in Chinese and French, which is the focus of linguistic typology.
As a matter of fact, it is difficult to compare Chinese with French, and there has been no good theoretical method, and the linguistic typological perspective provides us with a way to solve this problem. Of course, we do not naively think that all the difficulties can be solved, but we have at least a more appropriate reason. There are at least some possible ways or means to solve these difficulties by comparing Chinese with French.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H13;H32

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 巴音才才;;探究語(yǔ)言類型學(xué)與漢語(yǔ)[J];課外語(yǔ)文;2014年10期

本文編號(hào)：2212609