本文選題：當(dāng)代漢語 + 詞義��； 參考：《河北大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：“新增義位”，簡稱“新義位”或“新義”，指的是改革開放以來，漢語普通話固有詞在固有詞義基礎(chǔ)之上新增加的相對穩(wěn)定的義位，它們與固有詞義是多義關(guān)系。“新增義位詞”，指的是改革開放以來增加新義位的漢語普通話固有詞。通過《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》1983年版、1996年版和第5版的對比，并輔以幾部新詞語詞典和有關(guān)專業(yè)期刊，共搜集到新增義位762條，新增義位詞724個，分三個階段建立數(shù)據(jù)庫。全文共六章。 第一章，簡要介紹本課題研究現(xiàn)狀，界定相關(guān)術(shù)語，說明指導(dǎo)理論與研究方法。 第二章，對新增義位詞進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。當(dāng)代漢語新增義位詞在音節(jié)分布、結(jié)構(gòu)類型、詞匯類別等方面具有一定的規(guī)律性。音節(jié)以雙音節(jié)為主，單音節(jié)和三音節(jié)所占比重較小。結(jié)構(gòu)類型以合成詞為主，單純詞很少，合成詞中以復(fù)合式為主，復(fù)合式中偏正型最多，其中定中多于狀中。根據(jù)詞匯來源將當(dāng)代新增義位詞分為普通詞語和特殊詞語兩類，特殊詞語包括行業(yè)語、外來詞和方言詞，普通詞語多于特殊詞語。 第三章，對新增義位進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。新增義位由詞匯意義、色彩意義、語法意義三部分構(gòu)成，對三個部分的計(jì)量研究，顯示出當(dāng)代新義位的一些量的特征。詞匯意義方面，按照一定的關(guān)聯(lián)將其分成不同的類別:指新新義和指舊新義、行業(yè)新義和普通新義、方言新義和外來新義。當(dāng)代新增義位主要為指舊新義，大多數(shù)都是普通新義，方言新義和外來新義中有一部分借自地區(qū)方言詞和外語詞。色彩意義方面，借鑒前人研究成果，結(jié)合當(dāng)代新義位的實(shí)際，補(bǔ)充提出行業(yè)色彩和風(fēng)格色彩，并對各種色彩類型與詞匯意義的關(guān)系加以分析，總結(jié)歸納出當(dāng)代新義位在色彩意義方面的特點(diǎn)。新義位的色彩意義豐富多樣，感情、語體、形象、行業(yè)、外來、地方、時代、風(fēng)格“八色俱全”；除了地方色彩、行業(yè)色彩、風(fēng)格色彩以外，其他五種之間經(jīng)常疊加。形象色彩數(shù)量驚人，行業(yè)色彩、語體色彩、時代色彩較多，感情色彩較少，外來、地方、風(fēng)格三種色彩所占比重不高，但都值得關(guān)注。語法意義方面，實(shí)詞義占絕大多數(shù)，，名詞義和動詞義基本持平，二者的數(shù)量明顯高于形容詞義，虛詞義只有介詞和語氣詞兩類。 第四章，從詞匯意義方面研究新舊義位關(guān)系。借鑒現(xiàn)有研究成果，總結(jié)出已為人類認(rèn)知的事物關(guān)系模式，在此基礎(chǔ)上，提出“義位關(guān)系模式”構(gòu)想：義位之間的關(guān)系可以概括為五種，即相含、相關(guān)、相合、相似、輾轉(zhuǎn)。對當(dāng)代漢語新舊義位關(guān)系進(jìn)行全面考察，統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示：輾轉(zhuǎn)為數(shù)不多，相合與相似的數(shù)量多于相含與相關(guān)的數(shù)量。從古代漢語、近代漢語和現(xiàn)代漢語中選取部分詞例，驗(yàn)證義位關(guān)系模式對漢語的解釋力。 第五章，從色彩意義和語法意義方面研究新舊義位關(guān)系。新舊義位的色彩或一致，或不一致，不一致的情況主要分為：變彩、加彩、減彩及綜合轉(zhuǎn)換。從色彩類聚的視角出發(fā)，歸納出各類色彩意義的變化規(guī)律，深入分析色彩意義關(guān)系與詞匯意義關(guān)系之聯(lián)系。語法意義方面，新舊義位詞性一致的是主流，詞性不一致即兼類的情形所占比例并不高，但卻集中反映了語法意義的變化規(guī)律。借鑒他人研究成果，探究詞性兼類背后的認(rèn)知原因、結(jié)構(gòu)原因。聯(lián)系義位關(guān)系模式，分析詞匯意義關(guān)系與語法意義關(guān)系之聯(lián)系。 第六章，從語用角度出發(fā)，由搭配入手，考察新義位產(chǎn)生、識解、傳播、定型的全過程，借鑒語義學(xué)和認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的相關(guān)理論，提出混搭引申、同素替換、語境干預(yù)、語義重組等概念，探析新義位形成背后的語言原因、現(xiàn)實(shí)原因及認(rèn)知原因。 本文創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)：一，從詞義構(gòu)成的三個方面（詞匯意義、色彩意義、語法意義）考察當(dāng)代漢語新增義位，分析新舊義位關(guān)系，總結(jié)三個方面義位關(guān)系之聯(lián)系，對新義位的全貌和變化情況進(jìn)行整體把握；二，總結(jié)已為人類認(rèn)知的事物關(guān)系，提出義位關(guān)系模式構(gòu)想；三，運(yùn)用語用學(xué)、語義學(xué)和認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的相關(guān)理論，由搭配入手，考察新義位產(chǎn)生、識解、定型的全過程。
[Abstract]:"New sense position", referred to as "new meaning" or "new meaning", refers to a relatively stable and relatively stable sense of Chinese Putonghua innate words which have been added to the inherent meaning of the word since the reform and opening up, and they are polysemous with the inherent meaning of speech. "New meaning words" refer to the Chinese Putonghua intrinsic words which have been added to the new sense since the reform and opening up. Through the comparison of the >1983 edition of modern Chinese dictionary, the 1996 edition and the fifth edition, and with several new words dictionaries and related professional periodicals, 762 newly added sense bits, 724 newly added sense words and three stages are collected. The full text is six chapters.
In the first chapter, we briefly introduce the current situation of the research, define the relevant terminology, and explain the guiding theory and research methods.
The second chapter makes a statistical analysis of the newly added sense words. The new words in Contemporary Chinese have some regularity in syllabic distribution, structure type and vocabulary category. The syllables are mainly composed of double syllables, monosyllabic and three syllables are smaller. The structure type is mainly composed of synthetic words, the simplex words are few, the compound words are compound and compound. According to the source of vocabulary, the new words are divided into two categories: common words and special words. Special words include trade language, loanword and dialect words, and ordinary words are more than special words.
The third chapter makes a statistical analysis of the newly added sense bits. The new meaning is composed of three parts: lexical meaning, color meaning and grammatical meaning. The quantitative study of the three parts shows some characteristics of the contemporary new meaning. In terms of lexical meaning, the new meaning is divided into different categories according to a certain correlation: the new meaning and the old new meaning, the new meaning of the industry. The new meaning, the new meaning of dialects and the new meaning of foreign languages. The new meaning of contemporary new meaning is mainly the old new meaning, most of which are common new meanings. Some of the new meaning of dialects and foreign new meanings are borrowed from the dialect words and foreign words of the local dialects. In the color meaning, we draw on the achievements of the predecessors and combine the reality of the new meaning of the contemporary era to supplement the color and style of the industry. The color, and the relationship between the various color types and the meaning of the vocabulary, summed up the characteristics of the contemporary new meaning of the meaning of the color. The color meaning of the new meaning is rich and diverse, emotion, style, image, industry, foreign, local, time, style "eight colors"; in addition to local color, industry color, style, other five other than the other. There are often superposition between the species. The number of images is astonishing, the color of the industry, the style of the language, the color of the times, the less emotional color, the three colors of the foreign, the local and the style are not high, but they are all worth paying attention to. In grammatical meaning, the meaning of the word is the majority, the meaning of the name and the meaning of the verb are basically flat, and the number of the two is obviously higher than the adjective meaning, The meaning of the function word is only the preposition and the mood word two types.
In the fourth chapter, we study the relationship between the new and the old in terms of lexical meaning and draw on the existing research results to sum up the pattern of human cognition. On this basis, we put forward the concept of "the pattern of semantic relationship": the relationship between the sense of meaning can be summed up as five kinds, namely, phase, phase, similarity, similarity, and rotation. A comprehensive survey is carried out, and the statistical results show that the number of rolling is not much, and the number of coincidence and similarity is more than the number of phase and related. Some examples are selected from ancient Chinese, modern Chinese and modern Chinese to verify the explanatory power of the pattern of the sense relationship to Chinese.
The fifth chapter, from the color meaning and grammatical meaning, studies the relationship between the new and the old. The color or consistency of the new and old sense positions, or inconsistencies, the inconsistencies are mainly divided into color change, color adding, color reduction and comprehensive conversion. From the perspective of color cohesion, the change rules of various color meanings are summed up, and the relationship of color meaning and vocabulary is deeply analyzed. In grammatical meaning, the word sex of the new and old sense positions is the same as the mainstream, and the proportion of the concurrently category is not high, but it reflects the law of the change of the grammatical meaning. The relationship between meaning and grammatical meaning.
In the sixth chapter, from the pragmatic point of view, from the point of view of collocation, we examine the whole process of the generation, understanding, communication and stereotyping of new sense positions, draw on the related theories of semantics and cognitive linguistics, and put forward the concepts of Mashup extension, homology replacement, context intervention, semantic reorganization and so on, and explore the linguistic, realistic and cognitive reasons behind the formation of new semantic positions.
The innovation points of this article: first, from the three aspects of the meaning of words (lexical meaning, color meaning, grammatical meaning) to examine the new meaning of contemporary Chinese, analyze the relationship between the new and old sense positions, sum up the relationship between the three aspects and the whole picture and change of the new sense position; two, sum up the relationship of the human cognition, and put forward the meaning of the meaning. Three, by using the related theories of pragmatics, semantics and cognitive linguistics, the whole process of the generation, understanding and stereotyping of new sense positions is examined by collocation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H136

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