本文選題：漢語詞匯研究 + 近現(xiàn)代漢語��； 參考：《曲阜師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：新詞語是漢語豐富和發(fā)展的不竭動力，對其研究有重要的歷史和現(xiàn)實意義。19世紀(jì)初至20世紀(jì)中期，處于中國社會大變革和西學(xué)東漸的雙重背景之下，特殊的社會進(jìn)程和復(fù)雜的語言接觸背景孕育了一批賦有典型時代特征的新詞匯。然而就目前學(xué)術(shù)界的研究狀況來看，對近現(xiàn)代歷史時期的漢語詞匯的研究多是從歷史文化的角度展開，從語言學(xué)方面對其進(jìn)行分析和研究的論著較少。 《近現(xiàn)代漢語新詞詞源詞典》是一部斷代的語言詞典，該詞典由香港中國語文學(xué)會傾力編寫，由漢語大詞典出版社于2001年出版，主要收錄了19世紀(jì)初至20世紀(jì)中期出現(xiàn)的一些新詞語，其中外來詞占了多數(shù)，是研究近現(xiàn)代歷史時期漢語新詞語的珍貴材料。 三字詞語是詞匯研究中不可或缺的一部分，，其大量產(chǎn)生不僅增加了詞匯的容量，也增強(qiáng)了構(gòu)詞方式的靈活性。本文以《近現(xiàn)代漢語新詞詞源詞典》為語料，通過考察三字詞語的結(jié)構(gòu)類型和構(gòu)成等方面，以期冀窺見漢語詞匯發(fā)展的一般模式。 論文除緒論和結(jié)語外共分三章。 第一章為“近現(xiàn)代三字新詞語的結(jié)構(gòu)類型”。本章中根據(jù)三字詞語的特點(diǎn)及個性，從語素構(gòu)成、語法結(jié)構(gòu)以及韻律結(jié)構(gòu)等三方面分析了《近現(xiàn)代漢語新詞詞源詞典》中的三字詞語的結(jié)構(gòu)類型，發(fā)現(xiàn)《近現(xiàn)代漢語新詞詞源詞典》中的三字詞語結(jié)構(gòu)類型分布不均，其中偏正結(jié)構(gòu)類型的三字詞語數(shù)量最多，共1565個，約占該詞典三字詞語總數(shù)的92.6％，動賓式和主謂式的三字詞語數(shù)量很少，分別約占該詞典三字詞語總數(shù)的0.2％。另外，我們還將前人對近代和現(xiàn)代的漢語三字詞語的相關(guān)研究成果運(yùn)用到歷時的對比研究中，用《近代漢語詞典》和《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》兩部詞典來印證說明了近現(xiàn)代歷史時期之前和之后在詞語構(gòu)成模式上的特點(diǎn)和規(guī)律，說明了《現(xiàn)代漢語詞典》的一些模式早在19世紀(jì)即已出現(xiàn)萌芽。 第二章為“近現(xiàn)代漢語三字新詞語的構(gòu)成研究”。通過分析《近現(xiàn)代漢語新詞詞源詞典》中三字詞語的生成過程、外來詞的譯介方法等，說明了社會存在、主體世界以及詞匯自身的生成機(jī)制在詞匯的生成和發(fā)展中的作用。同時揭示了詞綴式構(gòu)詞成分的發(fā)展和雙音節(jié)詞根的應(yīng)用對近現(xiàn)代歷史時期漢語新詞匯的創(chuàng)制的重要作用。 第三章為“近現(xiàn)代漢語外來詞的存亡啟示”。通過考察《近現(xiàn)代漢語新詞詞源詞典》中外來詞存亡情況，得到如下啟示：音譯詞中符合大眾習(xí)慣的優(yōu)于其他；意譯詞中表意準(zhǔn)確的優(yōu)于表意模糊的；能產(chǎn)性強(qiáng)的詞素其構(gòu)詞生命力也強(qiáng)；外來詞譯介的總趨勢是從音譯向意譯過渡等。
[Abstract]:Neologism is an inexhaustible motive force for the enrichment and development of Chinese. Its research has important historical and practical significance. From the beginning of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, neologisms are under the dual background of the great transformation of Chinese society and the gradual eastward learning of the west. The special social process and the complicated language contact background give birth to a group of new words with typical characteristics of the times. However, from the point of view of the current academic research situation, the study of Chinese vocabulary in modern and modern times is mostly carried out from the perspective of history and culture. The Dictionary of New words in Modern Chinese is a chronicled language dictionary, which was compiled by the Chinese language Society of Hong Kong. Published by Chinese Dictionary Press in 2001, some new words appeared from the beginning of the 19th century to the middle of the 20th century, in which loanwords are the majority, are valuable materials for the study of Chinese new words in modern and modern history. Three-character words are an indispensable part of lexical research, which not only increases the capacity of vocabulary, but also enhances the flexibility of word formation. This paper takes the Dictionary of Modern Chinese New words as the corpus, and looks forward to the general pattern of the development of Chinese vocabulary by examining the structural types and composition of the three-character words. In addition to the introduction and conclusion, the paper is divided into three chapters. The first chapter is the structure type of three-word neologisms in modern times. According to the characteristics and personality of three words, this chapter analyzes the structure types of three words in Modern Chinese New words Dictionary from three aspects: morpheme structure, grammatical structure and prosodic structure. It is found that the structure types of three words in Modern Chinese New word Dictionary are unevenly distributed, among which the number of three words with positive structural type is the most, 1565, accounting for 92.6B of the total number of three words in this dictionary. The number of verb-object type and subject-predicate type is very small, accounting for about 0.2 of the total number of three words in the dictionary. In addition, we also apply the related research results of modern and modern Chinese words and phrases to the diachronic comparative study. Two dictionaries "Modern Chinese Dictionary" and "Modern Chinese Dictionary" are used to prove the characteristics and rules of word formation pattern before and after modern historical period. It shows that some models of Modern Chinese Dictionary appeared as early as 19 th century. The second chapter is the study of the formation of three-character neologisms in modern Chinese. By analyzing the process of the formation of three characters and the translation and introduction of loanwords in the Modern Chinese New word Dictionary, this paper illustrates the role of social existence, the subject world and the generating mechanism of vocabulary itself in the generation and development of vocabulary. At the same time, the development of affix word-formation elements and the application of dicyllabic roots play an important role in the creation of Chinese new vocabulary in modern history. The third chapter is the exigencies of modern Chinese loanwords. By investigating the existence and death of loanwords in the Modern Chinese New words Dictionary, the following revelations are obtained: the transliteration words are superior to others in accordance with the popular custom, the ones in the free translation words are better than the vague ones. Productive morpheme has strong vitality of word-formation, and the general trend of loanword translation is from transliteration to free translation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H136

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