本文選題：長(zhǎng)陽 + 方言��； 參考：《華中科技大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：本文比較全面地描寫了長(zhǎng)陽方言語法。長(zhǎng)陽方言屬于西南官話,與普通話較為接近,可是在語法方面還是有許多不同于普通話的地方。 長(zhǎng)陽方言的“子”尾詞比普通話多,普通話好些詞不帶“子”尾,長(zhǎng)陽話帶“子”尾,而且“子”尾不限于構(gòu)造名詞。長(zhǎng)陽方言有兩個(gè)狀態(tài)形容詞后綴“噠”和“生”,為普通話所無。 長(zhǎng)陽方言的方位詞“里”的主要作用是后附于名詞構(gòu)成處所詞,同于普通話。但從所附的成分看跟普通話有差異：可以附于表人名詞和代詞之后,表示“X家里”的意思,普通話的“里”沒有這種用法。 長(zhǎng)陽方言可用“搭”聯(lián)系整數(shù)和零數(shù)。量詞“個(gè)”、“些”可以不加數(shù)詞直接放在名詞之前。 長(zhǎng)陽方言的第二人稱尊稱單數(shù)為“你爾”,復(fù)數(shù)必須帶“們”�！澳銧枴碑�(dāng)來自“你老”。長(zhǎng)陽方言的“這”“那”不能直接做定語,作定語要帶“個(gè)”。 長(zhǎng)陽方言的介詞“在”“到”“跟”只能前置,“給”只能后置。介詞“在”除介入動(dòng)作行為發(fā)生處所外,還可以引進(jìn)目的地。長(zhǎng)陽方言中比較有地方特色的介詞有“盡”“過”“請(qǐng)”等�！氨M”在被動(dòng)句種用以引進(jìn)動(dòng)作施事,施事必須出現(xiàn),不能直接出現(xiàn)在動(dòng)詞前頭；“過”用以引進(jìn)工具語；“請(qǐng)”用以引進(jìn)對(duì)象。 長(zhǎng)陽方言的“噠”同時(shí)用為動(dòng)態(tài)助詞和事態(tài)助詞,動(dòng)態(tài)助詞“噠”表示動(dòng)作完結(jié),相當(dāng)于普通話的“了1”；事態(tài)助詞“噠”表示事態(tài)出現(xiàn)變化或?qū)⒁霈F(xiàn)變化,相當(dāng)于普通話的“了2”；表示狀態(tài)持續(xù)的助詞用“倒”和“起”,但“倒”和“起”不能用于存現(xiàn)句。長(zhǎng)陽話的“在”用為事態(tài)助詞,位于句尾,表示靜態(tài)持續(xù)�！爸庇脼橄葧r(shí)助詞。 長(zhǎng)陽方言中用于表示小稱的方式有：直接加“伢兒”后綴、重疊并加兒化和重疊加“子”后綴。 長(zhǎng)陽方言的表示給予的雙賓語,有“V+0人+0物”和“V+0物+0人”兩種語序。長(zhǎng)陽方言方言的否定詞“沒有”和“沒”是對(duì)已然事實(shí)的否定；“沒得”是對(duì)“有”的否定；“不得”是對(duì)可能性的否定；表禁令除了用“莫”以外,還可以用“不”。 長(zhǎng)陽方言中趨向補(bǔ)語常常用“噠”和“得”聯(lián)系于述語；長(zhǎng)陽方言的可能補(bǔ)語有“V得”和“V得V/A”,“V得”的否定形式是“V不得”。“V得V/A”的否定形式是“V不A”。
[Abstract]:This paper comprehensively describes the grammar of Changyang dialect. Changyang dialect belongs to Southwest Mandarin and is close to Putonghua, but there are still many differences in grammar. There are more "Zi" end words in Changyang dialect than in Putonghua, many words in Mandarin don't have "Zi" tail, Changyang dialect has "Zi" tail, and "Zi" tail is not limited to construction noun. Changyang dialect has two state adjectives suffix "da" and "Sheng", which is absent from Putonghua. The main function of the location word "Li" in Changyang dialect is to attach the noun to the local word, which is the same as Putonghua. However, the attached elements are different from Putonghua: they can be appended to personal nouns and pronouns to express the meaning of "X family", which is not used in Putonghua. Changyang dialect can be used to connect integers and zeros. The quantifiers "three" and "some" can be placed directly before nouns without numerals. The second person in Changyang dialect calls the singular "you", and the plural must take "people". "you" comes from "you're old". In Changyang dialect, "this" and "that" can not be directly attributive. The prepositions in Changyang dialect can only be put before and given only after. In addition to the place where the action occurs, the preposition "in" can also be introduced to the destination. The prepositions with local characteristics in Changyang dialect include "do", "please" and so on. "do" is used in passive sentences to introduce action agents, who must appear, not directly before verbs; "too" is used to introduce instrumental language; "please" is used to introduce objects. The word "da" in Changyang dialect is used as both a dynamic auxiliary word and a state of affairs auxiliary word. The dynamic auxiliary word "da" indicates the end of the action, which is equivalent to "1" in Mandarin; the state of affairs "da" indicates that the state of affairs has changed or is about to change. It is equivalent to "2" in Putonghua; "inverted" and "beginning" are used as auxiliary words for state persistence, but "inverted" and "beginning" cannot be used in existential sentences. Changyang dialect is used as a state of affairs auxiliary, located at the end of the sentence, indicating static persistence. "Ze" is used as a preemptive auxiliary. In Changyang dialect, the ways to express small names are as follows: directly adding the suffixes of "children's children", overlapping and adding the suffixes of "children" and "children". The expression of Changyang dialect has two kinds of word order: "V 0 person 0 thing" and "V 0 thing 0 person". The negative words "no" and "no" in Changyang dialect are the negation of the existing facts; "not getting" is the negation of "there is"; "not" is the negation of possibility; besides "Mo", it can also be used as "no". In Changyang dialect, the tendency complement is often connected with "Da" and "de", and the possible complements of Changyang dialect are "V de" and "V de V / A". The form of negation of "V de" is "V not allowed". The form of negation of "V de V / A" is "V bu A".
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H17

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