本文選題：翻譯倫理 + 忠實論　； 參考：《上海外國語大學》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：在漫長的翻譯史中，，種種理論話語都包含強烈的道德內涵，其中大部分，如果不能說全部的話，都或明白或隱性地涉及“應該如何翻譯”這一話題。在歷史上，對翻譯倫理的探討通常都圍繞著“忠實”這一概念。而自上世紀八、九十年代以來，隨著翻譯研究視閾的不斷拓展，翻譯概念得到了前所未有的擴展，集中體現(xiàn)了求同倫理和差異倫理之間的差別，一旦拋棄了對虛幻的同一性的追求，種種差異為翻譯倫理問題開啟了無數新的可能。諸多翻譯研究者和行業(yè)從業(yè)者對翻譯倫理問題投注了越來越多的關注和熱情，倫理和翻譯的關系已經逐漸成為翻譯理論家們繞不開的話題，有關翻譯倫理的論述異彩紛呈。 本研究從史的角度總結和梳理了上世紀八九十年代以來中西方有代表性的翻譯倫理研究成果，并結合倫理學的相關原理、從元理論研究的角度對其中存在的問題和誤區(qū)進行了分析和反思，在此基礎上對“翻譯倫理”概念的準確界定、“倫理學途徑”翻譯研究的進一步發(fā)展提出自己的思考。 本研究共由七部分構成。第一部分為緒論，主要介紹了本文研究課題的由來以及本研究的目標、意義和方法。 第二章對上世紀八、九十年代翻譯倫理問題成為譯學界熱點以來的中西方翻譯倫理研究進行簡要綜述，為本研究之后的論述提供一個背景鋪墊。 第三章追溯了上世紀八、九十年代以來翻譯倫理由“求同”轉為“差異”的發(fā)展軌跡，并對差異倫理進行了反思。在后現(xiàn)代性主導的語境下，普遍性受到批判，差異性得到張揚，翻譯角色和翻譯倫理發(fā)生了種種重塑，傳統(tǒng)的忠實論難以為繼，自貝爾曼之后，韋努蒂理論、后殖民研究、女性主義研究紛紛強調彰顯“差異性”。然而，新興的差異倫理也不能擺脫倫理上的質疑。一方面，種種秉持后現(xiàn)代理念的解放性理論途徑徹底顛覆了傳統(tǒng)的原文或原意忠實論，但究其實質，只是對“定義忠實的規(guī)則”抱有“強烈的懷疑”，而其差異倫理主張無異于調整忠實定義規(guī)則之后的某種改寫版忠實論，導致雙重標準的質疑；另一方面，作為差異倫理旨歸的“顯形”、“直譯”、“異化”等策略都顯得異常模糊，在實際運用中陷入無窮盡的解釋困境，以至于更接近于一種立場的選擇而不是實踐翻譯策略。后現(xiàn)代語境下種種張揚的“差異”凸顯出了翻譯倫理問題，而其答案不可能是某種新型的、簡單化的“應該忠于……”或“對……負責”。 第四章主要在義務論的視閾下介紹和評價了上世紀七八十年代以來翻譯職業(yè)倫理領域的重要成果。早期目的論強調理論框架的“價值無涉”，但無論是其理論話語本質上的規(guī)定性，或是第二代目的論者諾德作為傳統(tǒng)忠實論修正版的“忠誠”概念，均暗含規(guī)范倫理訴求，直接關照職業(yè)翻譯領域；安東尼·皮姆的職業(yè)倫理模型旨在為翻譯行業(yè)構建一個隱形且具有專業(yè)獨立性的共同職業(yè)形象，為此要求譯者“忠誠于作為交互文化空間的翻譯職業(yè)”；切斯特曼在義務論和功利論框架下對翻譯倫理的基礎理論問題進行了多方探討，并基于麥金太爾的德性倫理學理論提出了承諾倫理模式，其成果對于翻譯職業(yè)倫理的建構具有重要意義。上述三種研究均可大致歸入義務論規(guī)范倫理范疇，在促進翻譯職業(yè)化方面具有不可替代的作用，但職業(yè)倫理并不能保證道德上的“好”，翻譯倫理研究顯然不止于職業(yè)倫理規(guī)范的建構。 第五章探討了翻譯研究中的規(guī)定性、描寫性與翻譯倫理問題的關系。通過追溯翻譯研究由傳統(tǒng)的規(guī)定性轉向描寫研究、再走向新一輪的規(guī)定性的發(fā)展歷程，本章試圖揭示，在研究方法上把規(guī)定與描寫截然對立的做法，與翻譯領域中另外一些傳統(tǒng)的二元對立命題，如忠實或叛逆、隱形或顯形等一樣，并非有意義地探討“應該如何譯”問題的關鍵所在。而恰恰是在忠或不忠、規(guī)定或描寫的理論解釋力無以為繼的時候，真正的倫理問題才顯露出來。 第六章結合翻譯研究領域的當下狀況和倫理學相關理論從多角度對“翻譯倫理”基本概念進行了深入分析。本章首先介紹和探討了翻譯倫理問題在國內興起的時代背景以及當前國內翻譯倫理研究明顯的“規(guī)范”導向，其后引入倫理學領域對“倫理”和“道德”、“規(guī)范”和“價值”這兩對術語在概念、意義上的區(qū)分，在此基礎上提出，“翻譯倫理”不等于“倫理規(guī)范”，引入道德哲學、德性倫理學相關資源探索翻譯中真正的道德價值，以此關照職業(yè)規(guī)范的制訂，才是“倫理學途徑”翻譯研究最具潛力的發(fā)展路向。 “結語”部分對研究進行了總結與回顧，并指出了本研究的價值、局限以及未來的發(fā)展空間。
[Abstract]:In the long history of translation, all kinds of theoretical discourse contain strong moral connotations. Most of them, if not all, involve the topic of "how should we translate". In history, the discussion of ethics of translation usually revolves around the concept of "faithfulness". Since the eight, 90s, the last century, With the continuous expansion of the horizon of translation studies, the concept of translation has been expanded unprecedentedly, which embodies the differences between the ethics of seeking the same and the difference ethics. Once the pursuit of the illusory identity is abandoned, many new possibilities have been opened to the ethical problems of translation. The issue of ethical translation has attracted more and more attention and enthusiasm. The relationship between ethics and translation has gradually become a topic that the translation theorists are not open to.
This study summarizes and combs the representative achievements of translation ethics in China and the West since the 80s and 90s of the last century, and analyzes and reflects on the problems and misunderstandings in the perspective of meta theory, and defines the concept of "translation ethics" on the basis of the related principles of ethics. The further development of translation studies of ethical approaches put forward its own thinking.
This study is made up of seven parts. The first part is an introduction, which mainly introduces the origin of this study and the objectives, significance and methods of this study.
The second chapter gives a brief overview of the study of translation ethics in the Chinese and Western countries since the translation ethics in the eight and 90s of the last century, and provides a background for the discussion after this study.
The third chapter traces back to the development track of translation ethics from "seeking the same" to "difference" since the eight and 90s of the last century, and rethinks the difference ethics. In the context of post modernity, the universality is criticized, the difference is publicized, the translation roles and the ethics of translation have been remolded, and the traditional faithfulness is thought to be After Behrman, Venuti's theory, postcolonial research, and feminist studies have highlighted the "difference". However, the emerging difference ethics can not get rid of the ethical questions. On the one hand, all kinds of liberated theories that hold the post modern concept completely subvert the traditional original or original theory of faithfulness, but the essence of the theory is the only one. It is a "strong doubt" to "the rule of the definition of loyalty", and its differential ethical proposition is no different from a rewritten version of faithfulness after the regulation of the faithful definition rules, which leads to doubting the double standards; on the other hand, the strategy of "explicit", "literal translation" and "alienation", as the purpose of the difference ethics, appears to be abnormally fuzzy. There is no exhaustive interpretation of the dilemma, so that it is closer to the choice of a position rather than a practical translation strategy. The postmodern "differences" in the postmodern context highlight the ethical issues of translation, and the answer can not be a new type of simple "should be faithful to." or "right."
The fourth chapter introduces and evaluates the important achievements in the field of translation professional ethics since the 70s and 80s of the last century under the threshold of the theory of obligation. Early teleology emphasizes the "value of no matter" in the theoretical framework, but whether it is the essence of its theoretical discourse, or the second generation of theory Nord as a revised version of the traditional theory of faithfulness. The concept of "loyalty" implies the normative ethical appeal, which directly concerns the field of professional translation; Anthony Pim's professional ethics model aims to build an invisible and professional image of professional independence for the translation industry. Therefore, the translator requires the translator to "be loyal to the translation profession as an interactive cultural space"; In the framework of theory and utilitarianism, the basic theory of translation ethics is discussed in many ways. Based on Macintyre's moral ethics, a commitment ethics model is put forward. The results are of great significance to the construction of translation professional ethics. These three kinds of studies can be roughly classified into the normative ethics category of the obligation theory and promote the translation job. The aspect of industrialization has an irreplaceable role, but the professional ethics does not guarantee the moral "good". The study of translation ethics is obviously more than the construction of professional ethics.
The fifth chapter discusses the relationship between the prescriptive, descriptive and ethical problems in translation studies. Through the retroactive translation study, the traditional prescriptive turn is turned to the descriptive study and then to a new round of prescriptive development. This chapter attempts to reveal, in the way of research, that the rules and descriptions are opposite to the description, and the other in the field of translation. Some traditional two propositions, such as loyalty or rebellion, stealth or display, are not the key to the problem of "how to translate", but the true ethical problems are revealed when loyalty or infidelity is unsuccessful.
The sixth chapter makes an in-depth analysis of the basic concepts of "translation ethics" from the present situation in the field of translation studies and ethical related theories. This chapter first introduces and discusses the background of the rise of translation ethics in China and the obvious "normative" orientation of the current domestic translation ethics, followed by the introduction of ethics. On the basis of the distinction between "ethics" and "morality", "standard" and "value", it is proposed that "translation ethics" is not equal to "ethical norms", the introduction of moral philosophy, moral ethics related resources to explore the true moral values in translation, so as to take care of the formulation of professional norms. It is the most potential development direction of "ethical approach" in translation studies.
The conclusion summarizes and reviews the research, and points out the value, limitations and future development of this research.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H059

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本文編號：1990334