本文選題：黑 + 白��； 參考：《廣西師范大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：“黑”、“白”是現(xiàn)代漢語中一對使用頻率很高的反義詞。目前尚未見到對“黑”、“白”的對稱與不對稱進行的專門研究,本文根據語料庫的統(tǒng)計結果,試圖以標記理論和認知語言學的相關理論為指導,對現(xiàn)代漢語中“黑”和“白”在詞匯、語義和語法方面的對稱與不對稱現(xiàn)象進行考察,細致描寫出對稱與不對稱的情況,并深入分析總結產生不對稱的原因。 本文主體包括以下五部分內容： 第一,意義層面的描寫和分析。從“黑”和“白”的義項數(shù)量、各具體義項、意義的感情色彩及語素義與詞義一致等角度描寫和分析“黑”和“白”在意義方面的對稱與不對稱現(xiàn)象。發(fā)現(xiàn)“黑”、“白”在總體對稱中存在不對稱,首先,“白”的義項分布范圍比“黑”的廣,并且,“白”的發(fā)展演變比“黑”的更為多方向多層次；其次,“黑”和“白”在具體義項上各有特點,并且發(fā)展演變途徑不同導致“黑”和“白”的不對稱；最后,“黑”和“白”的感情色彩也是各有褒貶。 第二,“黑”和“白”的構詞數(shù)量、構詞方式、所構詞及使用頻率等角度描寫“黑”和“白”詞匯層面的對稱和不對稱。我們認為“黑”“白”構詞上的對稱和不對稱,主要存在兩種情況：第一種是詞形對稱。這種情況又包括兩小類：一類是詞形對稱,意義對稱；一類是詞形對稱,意義不對稱。第二種是詞形不對稱,這種情況又分為有“黑”無“白”類和有“白”無“黑”類。我們結合語料對這兩種情況作了詳細分析。同時,我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)“白”的構詞能力明顯要強于“黑”,“白”的使用頻率也要高于“黑”等。 第三,“黑”和“白”修飾與被修飾層面的描寫和分析。主要研究“黑”和“白”修飾名詞與動詞時的對稱與不對稱情況。發(fā)現(xiàn)“黑”和“白”在修飾與被修飾中的不對稱主要是“黑”和“白”在引申義及詞性方面發(fā)展的不同途徑造成的。 第四,對“黑”和“白”在句法層面的對稱與不對稱進行了深入的研究,我們認為這些不對稱首先是“黑”、“白”自身的詞義、詞性決定的；其次,語言的內部發(fā)展和外在的碰撞交流也有對“黑”和“白”在句法上的不對稱也有很大的影響；最后,在具體的語境中,“黑”和“白”在句法里也會產生超常規(guī)的用法。 第五,分析總結了“黑”和“白”對稱與不對稱的原因。我們從語言內部和外部兩個角度進行了分析。我們認為內部原因主要是“黑”和“白”構成了一個反義系統(tǒng),同時,“黑”也和“紅”、“亮”等也構成了一個反義系統(tǒng),而“白”和“紅”也構成了一個反義系統(tǒng),這樣就會使“黑”和“白”呈現(xiàn)出不對稱的現(xiàn)象。語言外部的原因主要與認知因素、心理因素、禮貌原則、社會文化因素等有關。
[Abstract]:Black and white are antonyms of high frequency in modern Chinese. At present, no special research has been done on symmetry and asymmetry of "black" and "white". According to the statistical results of corpus, this paper attempts to be guided by the relevant theories of marker theory and cognitive linguistics. This paper investigates the symmetry and asymmetry of "black" and "white" in lexical, semantic and grammatical aspects in modern Chinese, and describes the situation of symmetry and asymmetry in detail. The main body of this paper includes the following five parts: first, the description and analysis of meaning level. This paper describes and analyzes the symmetry and asymmetry of the meaning of "black" and "white" from the aspects of the number of the meanings of "black" and "white", the specific meanings, the emotional color of meaning and the consistency of morpheme and meaning of words. It is found that there is asymmetry in the overall symmetry of "black" and "white". Firstly, the meaning of "white" is more widely distributed than that of "black", and the development of "white" is more multi-directional and multi-level than that of "black". "Black" and "White" have their own characteristics in specific meanings, and the different ways of development and evolution lead to the asymmetry between "black" and "white". Finally, the emotional color of "black" and "white" are different. Second, This paper describes the symmetry and asymmetry of "black" and "white" in terms of the number of words formed, the way of word formation, and the frequency of their use in terms of "black" and "white". We think that there are two kinds of symmetry and asymmetry in the formation of "black" and "white": the first is lexical symmetry. This situation includes two sub-categories: one is word form symmetry, meaning symmetry; one is word form symmetry, meaning asymmetry. The second is word form asymmetry, which is divided into black and white without black. We make a detailed analysis of these two cases in combination with the corpus. At the same time, we also find that the word-formation ability of "Bai" is obviously stronger than that of "black", and the frequency of "white" is also higher than that of "black". Third, the description and analysis of "black" and "white" are described and analyzed. The symmetry and asymmetry of nouns and verbs modified by "black" and "white" are studied. It is found that the asymmetry between "black" and "white" in modification and modification is mainly caused by the different ways in which "black" and "white" develop in introducing meanings and parts of speech. The syntactic symmetry and asymmetry of "black" and "white" are deeply studied. We think that these asymmetries are first determined by the meaning of "black" and "white" themselves, and then by part of speech. The internal development of language and the external collision communication also have a great influence on the syntactic asymmetry between "black" and "white". Finally, in the specific context, "black" and "white" also produce abnormal usage in syntax. The reasons of symmetry and asymmetry between black and white are analyzed and summarized. We analyze it from both internal and external perspectives. We think that the internal reasons are mainly that "black" and "white" constitute an antisense system, at the same time, "black" and "red" and "bright" also constitute an antisense system, and "white" and "red" constitute an antisense system. This will make the "black" and "white" show an asymmetrical phenomenon. The external causes of language are mainly related to cognitive factors, psychological factors, politeness principles and sociocultural factors.
【學位授予單位】：廣西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1987408