本文選題：黑 + 白��； 參考：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：“黑”、“白”是現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中一對(duì)使用頻率很高的反義詞。目前尚未見(jiàn)到對(duì)“黑”、“白”的對(duì)稱與不對(duì)稱進(jìn)行的專門研究,本文根據(jù)語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果,試圖以標(biāo)記理論和認(rèn)知語(yǔ)言學(xué)的相關(guān)理論為指導(dǎo),對(duì)現(xiàn)代漢語(yǔ)中“黑”和“白”在詞匯、語(yǔ)義和語(yǔ)法方面的對(duì)稱與不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行考察,細(xì)致描寫出對(duì)稱與不對(duì)稱的情況,并深入分析總結(jié)產(chǎn)生不對(duì)稱的原因。 本文主體包括以下五部分內(nèi)容： 第一,意義層面的描寫和分析。從“黑”和“白”的義項(xiàng)數(shù)量、各具體義項(xiàng)、意義的感情色彩及語(yǔ)素義與詞義一致等角度描寫和分析“黑”和“白”在意義方面的對(duì)稱與不對(duì)稱現(xiàn)象。發(fā)現(xiàn)“黑”、“白”在總體對(duì)稱中存在不對(duì)稱,首先,“白”的義項(xiàng)分布范圍比“黑”的廣,并且,“白”的發(fā)展演變比“黑”的更為多方向多層次；其次,“黑”和“白”在具體義項(xiàng)上各有特點(diǎn),并且發(fā)展演變途徑不同導(dǎo)致“黑”和“白”的不對(duì)稱；最后,“黑”和“白”的感情色彩也是各有褒貶。 第二,“黑”和“白”的構(gòu)詞數(shù)量、構(gòu)詞方式、所構(gòu)詞及使用頻率等角度描寫“黑”和“白”詞匯層面的對(duì)稱和不對(duì)稱。我們認(rèn)為“黑”“白”構(gòu)詞上的對(duì)稱和不對(duì)稱,主要存在兩種情況：第一種是詞形對(duì)稱。這種情況又包括兩小類：一類是詞形對(duì)稱,意義對(duì)稱；一類是詞形對(duì)稱,意義不對(duì)稱。第二種是詞形不對(duì)稱,這種情況又分為有“黑”無(wú)“白”類和有“白”無(wú)“黑”類。我們結(jié)合語(yǔ)料對(duì)這兩種情況作了詳細(xì)分析。同時(shí),我們也發(fā)現(xiàn)“白”的構(gòu)詞能力明顯要強(qiáng)于“黑”,“白”的使用頻率也要高于“黑”等。 第三,“黑”和“白”修飾與被修飾層面的描寫和分析。主要研究“黑”和“白”修飾名詞與動(dòng)詞時(shí)的對(duì)稱與不對(duì)稱情況。發(fā)現(xiàn)“黑”和“白”在修飾與被修飾中的不對(duì)稱主要是“黑”和“白”在引申義及詞性方面發(fā)展的不同途徑造成的。 第四,對(duì)“黑”和“白”在句法層面的對(duì)稱與不對(duì)稱進(jìn)行了深入的研究,我們認(rèn)為這些不對(duì)稱首先是“黑”、“白”自身的詞義、詞性決定的；其次,語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)部發(fā)展和外在的碰撞交流也有對(duì)“黑”和“白”在句法上的不對(duì)稱也有很大的影響；最后,在具體的語(yǔ)境中,“黑”和“白”在句法里也會(huì)產(chǎn)生超常規(guī)的用法。 第五,分析總結(jié)了“黑”和“白”對(duì)稱與不對(duì)稱的原因。我們從語(yǔ)言內(nèi)部和外部?jī)蓚�(gè)角度進(jìn)行了分析。我們認(rèn)為內(nèi)部原因主要是“黑”和“白”構(gòu)成了一個(gè)反義系統(tǒng),同時(shí),“黑”也和“紅”、“亮”等也構(gòu)成了一個(gè)反義系統(tǒng),而“白”和“紅”也構(gòu)成了一個(gè)反義系統(tǒng),這樣就會(huì)使“黑”和“白”呈現(xiàn)出不對(duì)稱的現(xiàn)象。語(yǔ)言外部的原因主要與認(rèn)知因素、心理因素、禮貌原則、社會(huì)文化因素等有關(guān)。
[Abstract]:Black and white are antonyms of high frequency in modern Chinese. At present, no special research has been done on symmetry and asymmetry of "black" and "white". According to the statistical results of corpus, this paper attempts to be guided by the relevant theories of marker theory and cognitive linguistics. This paper investigates the symmetry and asymmetry of "black" and "white" in lexical, semantic and grammatical aspects in modern Chinese, and describes the situation of symmetry and asymmetry in detail. The main body of this paper includes the following five parts: first, the description and analysis of meaning level. This paper describes and analyzes the symmetry and asymmetry of the meaning of "black" and "white" from the aspects of the number of the meanings of "black" and "white", the specific meanings, the emotional color of meaning and the consistency of morpheme and meaning of words. It is found that there is asymmetry in the overall symmetry of "black" and "white". Firstly, the meaning of "white" is more widely distributed than that of "black", and the development of "white" is more multi-directional and multi-level than that of "black". "Black" and "White" have their own characteristics in specific meanings, and the different ways of development and evolution lead to the asymmetry between "black" and "white". Finally, the emotional color of "black" and "white" are different. Second, This paper describes the symmetry and asymmetry of "black" and "white" in terms of the number of words formed, the way of word formation, and the frequency of their use in terms of "black" and "white". We think that there are two kinds of symmetry and asymmetry in the formation of "black" and "white": the first is lexical symmetry. This situation includes two sub-categories: one is word form symmetry, meaning symmetry; one is word form symmetry, meaning asymmetry. The second is word form asymmetry, which is divided into black and white without black. We make a detailed analysis of these two cases in combination with the corpus. At the same time, we also find that the word-formation ability of "Bai" is obviously stronger than that of "black", and the frequency of "white" is also higher than that of "black". Third, the description and analysis of "black" and "white" are described and analyzed. The symmetry and asymmetry of nouns and verbs modified by "black" and "white" are studied. It is found that the asymmetry between "black" and "white" in modification and modification is mainly caused by the different ways in which "black" and "white" develop in introducing meanings and parts of speech. The syntactic symmetry and asymmetry of "black" and "white" are deeply studied. We think that these asymmetries are first determined by the meaning of "black" and "white" themselves, and then by part of speech. The internal development of language and the external collision communication also have a great influence on the syntactic asymmetry between "black" and "white". Finally, in the specific context, "black" and "white" also produce abnormal usage in syntax. The reasons of symmetry and asymmetry between black and white are analyzed and summarized. We analyze it from both internal and external perspectives. We think that the internal reasons are mainly that "black" and "white" constitute an antisense system, at the same time, "black" and "red" and "bright" also constitute an antisense system, and "white" and "red" constitute an antisense system. This will make the "black" and "white" show an asymmetrical phenomenon. The external causes of language are mainly related to cognitive factors, psychological factors, politeness principles and sociocultural factors.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H146

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本文編號(hào)：1987408