本文選題：動詞重疊 + 句法功能��； 參考：《北京大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：重疊是語言中普遍存在的一種現(xiàn)象,多年來中外語言學(xué)界十分關(guān)注這一問題。在漢語學(xué)界,眾多學(xué)者對動詞重疊問題進(jìn)行過廣泛的研究,主要集中在討論動詞重疊式的范圍,重疊的條件,動詞重疊式的性質(zhì)歸屬、語法意義、句法功能和語用功能等。前人的研究取得了許多寶貴的成果,但是仍然存在一些問題,在很多方面,如動詞重疊式的范圍,語法意義等還存在分歧。尤其是對不同的動詞重疊形式之間的比較研究還十分薄弱,很不全面,尚有很大的研究空間。不同的動詞重疊式在口語和書面語中大量出現(xiàn),表現(xiàn)出一定的差異性,從語言學(xué)角度對這些具體的差異進(jìn)行研究具有十分重要的意義。 前人對不同動詞重疊形式的研究集中在討論其語法意義和語用功能方面存在的差異,對句法功能方面的研究極少,而且很不系統(tǒng)。研究對象一般局限在對兩類或三類單音節(jié)動詞重疊式及其相似形式的比較,如對VV和V—V,VV和V一下,或VV、V—V和V一下的研究,尚無對雙音節(jié)動詞重疊式ABAB和AB了AB的具體考察研究,也沒有對單／雙音節(jié)的動詞重疊式之間的比較研究。本文在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)之上,以《現(xiàn)代漢語動詞用法詞典》中的可重疊動詞為研究對象,從句法功能的角度出發(fā),通過大規(guī)模語料的調(diào)查,對由單／雙音節(jié)構(gòu)成的五種不同的動詞重疊式：VV、ABAB.V—V、V了V和AB了AB進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)深入的考察。細(xì)致地比較、描寫、歸納了這五種動詞重疊式在能夠充當(dāng)?shù)木浞ǔ煞?左右鄰接的成分和所適用的特殊句型等方面存在的差異,并探討了產(chǎn)生這些差異的原因。 通過考察,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)不同的動詞重疊式在充當(dāng)句法成分時,表現(xiàn)出一定的差異性。在單獨(dú)充當(dāng)句子的謂語時,VV、V—V和ABAB傾向于用在祈使句或帶有祈使意義的語句中,V了V,AB了AB傾向于用在敘述性的語句中。當(dāng)動詞重疊式表示連續(xù)動作中的最后一個動作,敘述過去發(fā)生的事件或動作行為時,多用V了V、AB了AB；當(dāng)動詞重疊式不表示最后一個動作時,五種重疊式都適用。動詞重疊式的主語一般要求是施事的,不同的重疊式對句子的主語的人稱選擇也有所差異。重疊式VV、ABAB、V—V可以作句子的主語,V了V、AB了AB不能作主語。 在與動詞重疊式左鄰接成分方面,形容詞“多”傾向于與VV、ABAB式鄰接,“少”與動詞重疊式鄰接時,預(yù)設(shè)“少”后的VP是不合理的,建議做出改變,減少這種動作或行為。VV、ABAB和V—V不與表示已然或進(jìn)行的時間副詞鄰接,V了V和AB了AB不能與表示進(jìn)行的時間副詞鄰接。動詞重疊式都不能與“很”類副詞鄰接,可以與“稍”類副詞中的雙音節(jié)副詞鄰接。帶“了”的動詞重疊式不能與任何否定詞鄰接,不帶“了”的動詞重疊式可以與否定詞“不、沒(沒有)、非”鄰接,不能與“別、甭”鄰接。VV、ABAB和V—V比V了V和AB了AB與助動詞鄰接的能力強(qiáng)。 在與動詞重疊式右鄰接成分方面,動詞重疊式與賓語鄰接的能力比較強(qiáng),既可以和體詞性賓語鄰接,也可以和謂詞性賓語鄰接。重疊式VV和ABAB帶賓語的能力最強(qiáng),V—V和V了V次之,AB了AB最次。五種動詞重疊式都不能帶補(bǔ)語,不能帶動態(tài)助詞“了”、“著”、“過”,也不能帶語氣詞“呢”、“來著”、“來呢”。 在用于特殊句型方面,五種動詞重疊式都可以用于“把”字句,但是在時體、語義輕重和句法搭配等方面都存在一些差異。動詞重疊式在用于被動句時受到較大的限制,V了V和AB了AB對受事主語句的適用度最強(qiáng),V—V次之,VV和ABAB最弱。 希望通過本文的研究能夠彌補(bǔ)該領(lǐng)域研究的空白,改進(jìn)以往研究的不足,從而對現(xiàn)代漢語動詞重疊現(xiàn)象有更為全面和透徹的認(rèn)識。另外,本文的研究成果也將對漢語教學(xué)有所幫助。
[Abstract]:Overlapping is a common phenomenon in language. For many years, Chinese and foreign linguistic circles have paid great attention to this problem. In the Chinese language field, many scholars have conducted extensive research on the problem of verb overlapping, mainly focusing on the scope of verb overlapping, the conditions of overlapping, the nature of the verb reduplication, grammatical meaning, syntactic function and pragmatics. Many valuable achievements have been achieved in previous studies, but there are still some problems. In many respects, there are still differences in the scope of the verb overlapping and the grammatical meaning. In particular, the comparative study of the different forms of verb overlaps is still very weak, very incomplete, and there is still a lot of research space. The superposition appears in a large number of spoken and written languages, showing a certain difference. It is of great significance to study these specific differences from the linguistic perspective.
Previous studies of the overlapping forms of different verbs have focused on the differences in their grammatical and pragmatic functions. The study of syntactic functions is rare and not systematic. The research objects are generally limited to the comparison of two or three types of monosyllabic verb overlaps and their similar forms, such as VV and V V, VV and V, or VV, V The study of V and V has no specific investigation on the duplication of double syllable verb ABAB and AB, and there is no comparative study of the duplication of single and double syllables. On the basis of previous studies, this paper takes the reduplicated verb in the dictionary of modern Chinese verb usage as the research object, starting from the angle of syntactic function. Through the investigation of large corpora, five different verb overlaps composed of single / double syllables: VV, ABAB.V V, V V and AB AB have been systematically investigated. A detailed comparison, description, and induction of the five verb overlaps in the syntactic components, the left and right adjacent components and the applicable special sentence patterns are summarized. Differences exist and the reasons for these differences are discussed.
Through the investigation, we find that different verb overlaps play a certain difference when they act as syntactic elements. When they act as the predicates of a sentence separately, VV, V - V and ABAB tend to use in imperative sentences or sentences with imperative meaning, V V, AB AB tends to be used in narrative sentences. When verb overlaps represent continuous actions. The last action, when describing the event or action of the past, uses V V and AB AB; when the verb overlapping does not represent the last action, the five overlaps are all applicable. The subject of the verb overlapping is generally required to be applied, and the different overlapping forms also vary in the person's choice of the subject of the sentence. Superimposed VV, ABAB, V V can be the subject of a sentence, V V, AB AB can not be the subject.
In the aspect of overlapping verbs with the verb, adjective "more" tends to be adjacent to VV, ABAB, and "less" with verb overlapping. The VP after "less" is unreasonable. It is suggested to make a change and reduce this action or behavior.VV, ABAB and V V are not adjacent to the time adverbs that have been already or carried out, V V and AB AB can not. The verb overlaps can not be adjacent to the "very" adverbs and can be adjacent to the double syllable adverbs in the "slightly" adverbs. The verb overlapping of "the" can not be adjacent to any negative word, and the verb overlapping of the "no" can make a word "no, no (no)," non "adjacency, and cannot be used. "No, no" is adjacent to.VV, ABAB and V - V is stronger than V V and AB are AB and auxiliary.
On the side of the verb overlapping right adjacency component, the verb overlapping and the object adjacency are stronger, not only can be adjacent to the predicative object, but also can be adjacent to the predicate object. The overlap type VV and ABAB with the object are the strongest, V V and V are V times, AB AB is the most. All five verb overlaps can not bring complement and can not bring dynamic auxiliary words. "", "", "and" Guo "can not bring" modal "," coming "or" coming ".
In terms of special sentence patterns, the five verb overlaps can all be used for "the" words, but there are some differences in the time body, the light weight and the syntactic collocation. The verb overlaps are greatly restricted when they are used in the passive sentences. V V and AB have the strongest applicability to the subject sentence of the subject, V V, and the weakest VV and ABAB.
It is hoped that this study can make up the gap of the research in this field and improve the shortcomings of the previous research, so as to have a more comprehensive and thorough understanding of the phenomenon of verb overlapping in modern Chinese. In addition, the research results of this paper will also help Chinese teaching.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1939132