本文選題：下來 + 下去�。� 參考：《湖南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：作為現(xiàn)代漢語中常見的一對趨向動詞，“下來”、“下去”在功能和意義上有很多相似之處。前人對“下來”、“下去”的研究基本上集中在對語義特點和分類上，句法上主要描述了這兩個詞出現(xiàn)的句式，而沒有進(jìn)行解釋。 本文基于北大語料庫小說類型中出現(xiàn)的語料，以是否發(fā)生位移為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，通過空間和時間維度上的重新分類對大量的語料進(jìn)行分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)“下來”、“下去”作補語有時能交換使用，有時不宜交換使用，有時甚至根本不能交換使用。因此，，本文從句法語義結(jié)合的層面，探討“下來”、“下去”作補語時出現(xiàn)的句法語義限制條件，并從認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的角度作出理據(jù)性分析。 本文通過“下來”、“下去”互換使用的三種情況對“下來”、“下去”的句法語義限制進(jìn)行分析。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)“下來”、“下去”的語義特征對他們能否互換起到關(guān)鍵作用。從有界無界的角度看，“下來”有終點，是有界的，而“下去”無終點，是無界的，這兩詞只能分別與相對應(yīng)的有界或無界成分搭配使用；在此過程中，主觀化也起到一定作用，當(dāng)觀察預(yù)設(shè)了立足點時，我們根據(jù)視角的不同選用“下來”或“下去”；當(dāng)語義上空間性弱，句子客觀性減弱，主觀性加強，此時“下來”、“下去”能靈活換用，基本上不影響句意。由此反映出語義是語言最基本的成分，能在一定程度上決定句法分布，并且人們對語言的使用與其認(rèn)知能力是分不開的。語義上有界無界的特點及觀察的不同視角，使人們在不同情況下選用“下來”、“下去”。
[Abstract]:As a common pair of directional verbs in modern Chinese, "down" and "go" have many similarities in function and meaning. Previous researches on "come down" and "go down" basically focus on the semantic characteristics and classification. Syntactically, they mainly describe the syntactic patterns of the two words, but do not explain them. Based on the data of the novel types in Peking University corpus, this paper analyzes a large number of data by reclassifying the spatial and temporal dimensions according to whether displacement occurs, and finds that "come down". "go" as a complement can sometimes be used interchangeably, sometimes not in exchange, or even not at all. Therefore, from the aspect of syntactic and semantic combination, this paper discusses the syntactic and semantic constraints that appear when "down" and "go" as complements, and makes a motivational analysis from the perspective of cognitive linguistics. This paper analyzes the syntactic and semantic limitations of "come down" and "go down" through the three cases of "down" and "go" interchangeably. It is found that the semantic features of "down" and "down" play a key role in their interchangeability. From a bounded and unbounded point of view, "down" has an end, is bounded, and "goes" without an end, is unbounded, and the two words can only be used in conjunction with the corresponding bounded or unbounded component, respectively; in the process, Subjectivization also plays a certain role. When we observe the preset foothold, we choose "down" or "go down" according to different perspectives; when the semantic space is weak, the objectivity of sentences is weakened and subjectivity is strengthened, we "come down". "go down" can be used flexibly, basically without affecting the meaning of a sentence. It shows that semantics is the most basic component of language, which can determine the syntactic distribution to a certain extent, and people's use of language is inseparable from their cognitive ability. The semantic characteristics of bounded and unbounded and the different perspectives of observation make people choose "down" and "down" under different circumstances.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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