本文選題：作格句 + 英漢對比　； 參考：《寧波大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本研究主要討論了以下三個(gè)議題：1）英漢作格句在句法-語義方面的共相和殊相；2）英漢作格句的認(rèn)知機(jī)制和動(dòng)因；3）英漢作格句的類型學(xué)闡釋。主要有以下發(fā)現(xiàn)： 句法方面，共相是：1）英漢作格句皆可采用過去時(shí)或完成體；2）英漢雙向作格動(dòng)詞要求其主語的構(gòu)式為N Pa+NPb；3）英漢作格句各成分呈現(xiàn)兩個(gè)分布共性：NPin+EV和EV+(Comp)。殊相在于：1）英語時(shí)間副詞already不具有作格的內(nèi)在特性，而漢語時(shí)間副詞已和已經(jīng)有作格的內(nèi)在特性；2）合成類作格動(dòng)詞（該術(shù)語只限于本研究）是英語特有的；3）構(gòu)成英語派生類作格動(dòng)詞的詞綴具有多樣性，而其在漢語中則呈現(xiàn)單一性；4）復(fù)合類英漢作格動(dòng)詞體現(xiàn)種類互補(bǔ)的特征。 語義方面，共相是：1）英漢作格動(dòng)詞中都存在同義、反義和上下義的語義關(guān)系；2）動(dòng)結(jié)式作格動(dòng)詞中的結(jié)果義項(xiàng)和動(dòng)趨式作格動(dòng)詞中的方向義項(xiàng)是其作格句的語義重心。殊相是：1）英語動(dòng)結(jié)式作格動(dòng)詞結(jié)果義項(xiàng)包含在“四義一體”的動(dòng)詞語素中，而漢語動(dòng)結(jié)式作格動(dòng)詞結(jié)果義項(xiàng)卻包含在“三義一體”的動(dòng)詞語素后的補(bǔ)語語素中；2）自然語料所示，表方向或路徑的衛(wèi)星詞是英語動(dòng)趨式作格句中不可缺少的成分，而在漢語中，衛(wèi)星詞的出現(xiàn)具有選擇性。 從認(rèn)知角度來分析，英漢作格句的認(rèn)知機(jī)制是轉(zhuǎn)喻。該機(jī)制的認(rèn)知?jiǎng)訖C(jī)是：1） NPin的圖形作用，2）E V+(Comp)的象似性，3）NPin，EV+(Com p)所共有的概念自主性。語言類型學(xué)分析提出兩點(diǎn)關(guān)于英漢作格動(dòng)詞區(qū)別于其他動(dòng)詞的原因：1）作為英漢語言語序共性的SVO只是一種語序趨向，因?yàn)樽鞲窬涫沁@一語序共性的例外；2）本研究提出的“作格動(dòng)詞語法等級(jí)”表明，當(dāng)出現(xiàn)在作格句中時(shí)，，作格動(dòng)詞總是一價(jià)和主動(dòng)的，往往使用陳述語氣，一般采用過去時(shí)或完成體。
[Abstract]:This study focuses on the following three topics: 1) syntactic and semantic similarities and differences between English and Chinese as case sentences (2) the cognitive mechanism and motivation of English and Chinese case making (3) the typological interpretation of English and Chinese case sentences. The main findings are as follows: Syntactically, the syntactic aspect is: 1) the past tense or the perfect aspect can be used in both English and Chinese case sentences) the subject construction of the English and Chinese bi-directional constructions is N Pa NPb / 3) the components of the English and Chinese constructions present two distributive commonalities: NPin EV and EV / C. The English time adverb "already" does not have the inherent characteristic of making case. However, the Chinese temporal adverbs have and already have the inherent characteristics of the case. (2) the compound case verb (the term is limited to this study) is a special English verb. The affixes that form the English derivative verb are diverse. But in Chinese, the compound English and Chinese verbs embody the characteristics of complementarity of types. In terms of semantics, the synonym exists in both English and Chinese verbs, and the semantic relationship between the antonym and the upper and lower meanings. 2) the result meaning in the verb of the verb and the direction meaning in the case verb are the semantic center of the case. In English, the resultant meaning of the verb is contained in the verb morpheme of "four meanings as a whole", while the result meaning of the verb in Chinese is included in the complement morpheme after the verb morpheme of "three meanings in one" (2) the natural corpus shows that the meaning of the resultant verb is contained in the verb morpheme of "four meanings as a whole". The satellite word of direction or path is an indispensable component in English movement-trending construction, while in Chinese, the appearance of satellite word is selective. From the cognitive point of view, the cognitive mechanism of English and Chinese case sentences is metonymy. The cognitive motivation of this mechanism is the conceptual autonomy shared by the image likeness of NPin. An analysis of linguistic typology points out that the reason why English and Chinese ergative verbs are different from other verbs: 1) as a common word order between English and Chinese, SVO is only a word order trend. (2) the grammatical hierarchy of case verbs proposed in this study shows that, when they appear in a case, they are always univalent and active, often using a declarative tone. The past tense or perfect body is generally used.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：寧波大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：H314;H146

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本文編號(hào)：1924966