后現(xiàn)代語境下的譯者倫理研究
本文選題:翻譯倫理悖論 + 翻譯倫理轉(zhuǎn)向; 參考:《湖南師范大學(xué)》2012年博士論文
【摘要】:翻譯研究文化轉(zhuǎn)向以后,出現(xiàn)了文化學(xué)派、后殖民主義、女性主義和解構(gòu)主義等后現(xiàn)代主義翻譯理論。這些翻譯理論對于拓寬翻譯研究的視野和領(lǐng)域有極大的促進(jìn)作用,但是這些后現(xiàn)代主義翻譯理論往往矯枉過正,脫離了翻譯本質(zhì)的要求。文化學(xué)派認(rèn)為翻譯就是改寫與操縱,譯者的主體性被無限擴(kuò)大;女性主義翻譯理論認(rèn)為傳統(tǒng)翻譯理論是一種性別歧視,是父權(quán)政治下的產(chǎn)物,因而致力于性別解放;后殖民翻譯理論把民族身份與地位問題作為翻譯的核心問題,把翻譯視作“征服”與“反抗”的競技場;解構(gòu)主義翻譯理論否認(rèn)意義的確定性,將翻譯研究引向混亂與虛無。形形色色的翻譯倫理悖論,翻譯活動(dòng)本身的倫理屬性,以及哲學(xué)界“文化倫理轉(zhuǎn)向”思潮的影響,共同導(dǎo)致了翻譯研究的倫理轉(zhuǎn)向,翻譯中的倫理問題從而成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。 在傳統(tǒng)的翻譯理論中,譯者的身份是“仆人”、“帶著鐐銬的舞者”以及“隱形人”等,譯者的職責(zé)就是絕對地忠實(shí)于原文、原作者,不得有絲毫的創(chuàng)造性。在后現(xiàn)代語境下,譯者的主體地位逐漸得到彰顯,翻譯中的創(chuàng)造性叛逆成為譯者不可避免的選擇,恰當(dāng)?shù)摹皠?chuàng)造性叛逆”會使譯文收到良好的效果。但是,譯者的“創(chuàng)造性叛逆”也不能隨意而為,它受到譯者的道德規(guī)范與倫理原則的制約。 那么,譯者到底應(yīng)該具有什么樣的倫理原則?這些倫理原則又怎么才能在翻譯過程中得到保障和實(shí)施呢?這就是本研究的重點(diǎn)內(nèi)容。本文認(rèn)為,在后現(xiàn)代語境下,譯者應(yīng)該遵循誠信、責(zé)任、規(guī)范和正義等主要倫理原則,這些倫理原則要求譯者正確處理翻譯活動(dòng)中的人際關(guān)系、文化間的關(guān)系以及恰當(dāng)協(xié)調(diào)各個(gè)利益之間的關(guān)系。然而,這些倫理原則并不具備強(qiáng)制性的約束力,在現(xiàn)代社會轉(zhuǎn)型過程中,如果沒有翻譯制度倫理以及譯者底線倫理的保障,這些倫理原則就無法真正起到規(guī)范譯者行為的作用。 翻譯制度倫理則不同,它是以法律、制度的形式把翻譯活動(dòng)中的倫理觀念和道德原則體現(xiàn)出來,使這些倫理規(guī)范與原則制度化、法律化和規(guī)范化;同時(shí),翻譯的法律法規(guī)也要求體現(xiàn)翻譯的倫理追求和價(jià)值判斷。翻譯制度倫理具有法律效應(yīng)的規(guī)范約束力,可以起到保障譯者倫理的作用。 因此,我們有必要加強(qiáng)翻譯制度倫理建設(shè),嚴(yán)格管理翻譯行業(yè)的資質(zhì)認(rèn)證,規(guī)范翻譯市場的準(zhǔn)入制度,完善翻譯行業(yè)的誠信機(jī)制,促進(jìn)翻譯立法。但是,僅有翻譯制度倫理的他律作用,還不能從根本上保證譯者的各項(xiàng)倫理原則在翻譯過程中的實(shí)施。只有把翻譯制度的道德規(guī)范和倫理原則內(nèi)化為譯者的內(nèi)心信念,并外化為其翻譯實(shí)踐活動(dòng)中的正義行為,形成譯者的底線倫理觀念,促成譯者的自律意識,養(yǎng)成尊重原文及原作者、尊重讀者以及尊重他者文化的良好風(fēng)氣,才能從根本上杜絕翻譯行業(yè)中的種種失范現(xiàn)象。因此,我們應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)譯者的底線倫理觀念和意識,提高譯者的倫理素養(yǎng),實(shí)現(xiàn)譯者從他律向自律的轉(zhuǎn)變,從而推動(dòng)翻譯行業(yè)健康、良性、有序地發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:After the turn of translation studies, the postmodernist translation theory, such as culture school, post colonialism, feminism and deconstruction, has a great effect on broadening the field of vision and field of translation studies, but these postmodernist translation theories are often overcorrected and divorced from the essence of translation. The cultural school believes that translation is rewriting and manipulating, and the translator's subjectivity is expanded indefinitely; the feminist translation theory believes that the traditional translation theory is a sex discrimination, a product of patriarchy, and therefore devoted to the emancipation of sex. Translation is regarded as the arena of "Conquest" and "rebellion"; deconstructive translation theory denies the certainty of meaning, leads translation studies to confusion and nihility. The paradoxes of translation ethics, the ethical attributes of translation activities, and the influence of "cultural ethics turn" in philosophical circles have led to the Ethical Turn of translation studies. The ethical issues in translation have become the focus of attention.
In the traditional translation theory, the translator's identity is "servant", "the dancer with shackles" and "the invisible man". The translator's duty is to be faithful to the original, the original author, and not have the slightest creativity. In the post-modern context, the translator's main position is gradually shown, and the creative treason in translation becomes a translator. The avoidable choice, the appropriate "creative treason" will make the translation get good results. However, the translator's "creative treason" can not be arbitrary. It is restricted by the moral norms and ethical principles of the translator.
So, what kind of ethical principles should the translators have? How can these ethical principles be guaranteed and implemented in the process of translation? This is the focus of this study. In the postmodern context, the translator should follow the main ethical principles of integrity, responsibility, norms and justice. These ethical principles require translation. However, these ethical principles do not have a mandatory binding force. In the process of transformation of modern society, these ethical principles can not be true without the ethics of the translation system and the guarantee of the ethics of the translators' bottom line. It plays the role of regulating the behavior of the translator.
The ethics of the translation system is different. It embodies the ethics and moral principles in the translation activities in the form of law and system, and makes these ethical norms and principles institutionalized, legalized and standardized. At the same time, the laws and regulations of translation also require the expression of ethical pursuit and value judgment of translation. The normative binding force can play a role in protecting translators' ethics.
Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the ethics construction of the translation system, strictly manage the qualification certification of the translation industry, standardize the access system of the translation market, improve the integrity mechanism of the translation industry, and promote the translation legislation. However, only the heteronomy function of the ethics of the translation system can not fundamentally guarantee the translators' ethical principles in the process of translation. Only by internalizing the moral norms and ethical principles of the translation system into the translator's inner belief, and turning it into the just behavior of the translation practice, forming the translator's bottom line ethics, facilitated the translator's self-discipline, and fosters the good atmosphere of respecting the original and the original author, respecting the readers and respecting the culture of the other. Therefore, we should strengthen the translators' ethical concept and consciousness, improve the translators' ethical quality, and realize the translators' Transformation From Heteronomy to self-discipline, so as to promote the healthy, benign and orderly development of the translation industry.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:H059
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