本文選題：《論語》 + 反義詞　； 參考：《鄭州大學》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：《論語》是先秦典籍中具有濃郁口語色彩的一部重要著作,內(nèi)容涉及廣泛,詞匯豐富,運用方式靈活多樣,極具語言研究的價值。本文以《論語》中的反義詞為研究對象,在借鑒前人的研究成果和方法的基礎(chǔ)上,對《論語》中的反義詞進行統(tǒng)計、分類和說明。全文共分五部分： 第一章：關(guān)于《論語》。首先,詳細地分析說明了《論語》的語料價值；接著從語法、詞匯的角度介紹了《論語》的語言研究現(xiàn)狀。 第二章：關(guān)于反義詞。首先,從古漢語反義詞理論研究和專書反義詞研究方面介紹了反義詞的研究現(xiàn)狀和研究意義。其次,參酌各家的觀點,列出了判定反義詞的三個標準：①反義詞處在共時的、同一詞匯系統(tǒng)中,有共同的語義基礎(chǔ)；②反義詞在某一個或幾個義位上,語義相反或相對；③反義詞的語法意義相同。再次,根據(jù)反義詞之間的反義關(guān)系,把反義詞分為對立反義、極性反義、依存反義和方向反義。最后,闡述了《論語》反義詞的判定方法,即利用系聯(lián)法和參照法,并結(jié)合具體語境進行判定。同時對《論語》反義詞的計數(shù)方式進行了說明。根據(jù)以上判定標準和方法,本文統(tǒng)計出《論語》反義詞256對。 第三章：《論語》反義詞分類描寫。從四個方面對《論語》反義詞進行了分析：①從音節(jié)角度,分單音節(jié)對單音節(jié)反義詞、雙音節(jié)對雙音節(jié)反義詞和其他音節(jié)不對稱反義詞,其中單音節(jié)反義詞占多數(shù)；②從詞性角度,分名詞、動詞、形容詞、代詞、副詞五類,其中動詞反義詞數(shù)量最多；③從內(nèi)容角度,分狀態(tài)、性質(zhì)、動作、心理情感等十一類；④從語義的對應(yīng)關(guān)系角度,分為四類；一個義位,一詞對一詞；一個義位,一詞對多詞；多個義位,一詞對一詞；多個義位,一詞對多詞。 第四章：《論語》反義詞的特點。歸納出了《論語》反義詞的六個特點：①反義詞數(shù)量多；②反義詞結(jié)構(gòu)整齊；③反義詞具有相對性；④反義詞出現(xiàn)的方式靈活多樣；⑤反義詞的對應(yīng)關(guān)系復(fù)雜；⑥反義詞具有不平衡性。 第五章：《論語》反義詞的作用。從表意、修辭、構(gòu)詞、辨析詞義四個方面說明《論語》反義詞的作用。
[Abstract]:Analects of Confucius (Analects of Confucius) is an important book with rich spoken language in pre-Qin classics, which involves a wide range of contents, is rich in vocabulary, and has a great value of language research. This paper takes antonyms in Analects of Confucius as the object of study. On the basis of drawing lessons from the previous research results and methods, this paper makes statistics, classification and explanation of antonyms in Analects of Confucius. The full text is divided into five parts: Chapter one: about the Analects of Confucius. Firstly, it analyzes and explains the corpus value of Analects of Confucius in detail, and then introduces the present situation of language research in Analects of Confucius from the perspective of grammar and vocabulary. Chapter two: about antonyms. First, it introduces the research status and significance of antonym from the aspects of ancient Chinese antonym theory and antonym research. Secondly, according to different viewpoints, three criteria for judging antonyms: 1 antonyms are in synchronic. In the same lexical system, there is a common semantic basis for antonyms in one or more sememes, which are opposite or opposite. Antonyms have the same grammatical meaning. Thirdly, according to the antisense relationship between antonyms, antonyms are divided into antisense, polarity antisense, dependent antisense and directional antisense. Finally, this paper expounds the judgment methods of antonyms, that is, using the method of linking and referencing, and combining with the concrete context to judge the antonyms. At the same time, the way of counting antonyms is explained. According to the above criteria and methods, 256 pairs of antonyms are calculated. The third chapter: the Analects of Confucius, the classification of antonyms. This paper analyzes the antonyms of Analects of Confucius from four aspects: from the syllable point of view, divided into monosyllabic and monosyllabic antonyms, double syllable versus disyllabic antonyms and other asymmetrical antonyms, in which monosyllabic antonyms account for the majority; (2) from the aspect of part of speech, there are five categories of nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns and adverbs, among which the number of verb antonyms is the most three from the point of view of content, state, nature, action, psychological emotion and so on. It is divided into four categories: one meaning, one word pair; one meaning, one word for many words; more than one meaning, one word for one word; more than one meaning, one word for many words. Chapter four: the characteristics of antonyms. The six characteristics of Analects of Analects of Analects of Analects of Analects of Analects are summed up. The number of antonyms of 1: 1 and the structure of antonyms are neat. 3 antonyms have the characteristics of relativity, variety, variety and the corresponding relationship between antonyms and antonyms are complex. Antonyms are unbalanced. Chapter five: the function of antonyms. The function of Analects of Analects of Analects of Confucius is explained from four aspects: ideographic meaning, rhetoric, word formation and word meaning discrimination.
【學位授予單位】：鄭州大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H131

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