韓漢越指示詞的共性和個(gè)性
本文選題:指示詞 + 體系層級(jí)。 參考:《上海外國(guó)語大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:指示是人類語言的普遍現(xiàn)象。無論是在日常對(duì)話中還是書面篇章中,指示詞都是使用頻率較高的一類詞匯。論文主要以語言類型學(xué)中的蘊(yùn)含共性理論和語用理論為基礎(chǔ),從指示詞的體系層級(jí)分類和語用功能方面對(duì)韓國(guó)語、漢語和越南語中的指示詞進(jìn)行了對(duì)比考察,目的是找出三國(guó)語言指示詞的共性和個(gè)性。旨在為外語學(xué)習(xí)者提供一定的幫助,同時(shí)也希望在一定程度上促進(jìn)人們對(duì)語言共性現(xiàn)象的了解。 論文研究結(jié)果如下: 首先,從指示詞的體系層級(jí)分類及其分類參項(xiàng)來看,漢語是2分體系,主要影響參項(xiàng)是距離參項(xiàng);韓國(guó)語和越南語都屬于3分體系,影響韓國(guó)語的參項(xiàng)主要有距離、參與者和可見/不可見參項(xiàng);而影響越南語的參項(xiàng)主要是距離和可見/不可見參項(xiàng)。通過考察發(fā)現(xiàn),漢語和越南語的指示詞體系傾向于距離,,而韓語的指示詞體系則傾向于參與者。在此基礎(chǔ)上,我們總結(jié)出了“其它分類參項(xiàng))距離參項(xiàng)”的語言蘊(yùn)含共性,即距離參項(xiàng)是劃分指示詞體系的根本參項(xiàng),其它參項(xiàng)處在距離參項(xiàng)的外圍。 其次,從指示詞的直指功能來看,漢語的“這、那”都可以行使人物指示、事物指示、空間指示和時(shí)間指示功能,即在直指功能上漢語的指示詞是2分的。而原來屬于3分體系的韓語和越南語指示詞在行使直指功能上則有一定的限制。韓語的,,在空間指示時(shí)都可用,而當(dāng)指示對(duì)象為不可見的人物或事物時(shí),只能用,并且不能用于時(shí)間指示。越南語中只有近指和遠(yuǎn)指指示詞能用在時(shí)間指示,超遠(yuǎn)指指示詞不能指示時(shí)間。以此為基礎(chǔ),我們總結(jié)出了“時(shí)間㧐人物/事物㧐空間”的語言蘊(yùn)含共性序列,即在一種語言指示系統(tǒng)中,如果指示時(shí)間的詞是N分的,那么指示人物、事物和空間的詞也至少是N分的。 最后,在指示詞的篇章指示功能上,由于資料缺乏,我們只對(duì)韓語和漢語進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。相同點(diǎn)是韓語中的‘’不具備篇章功能,因此指示詞在行使篇章指示功能時(shí),漢語和韓語都是2分系統(tǒng),指示詞獨(dú)立使用和“指示詞+NP”是韓漢語行使回指功能的主要形式,NP和VP都可以成為其回指內(nèi)容。韓語和漢語的指示詞都有預(yù)指功能,并且都有引起懸念,使聽者/讀者集中于后續(xù)內(nèi)容的文體效果。不同點(diǎn)是當(dāng)指示詞單獨(dú)回指并且先行詞是VP形式時(shí),漢語的“這、那”都可用,而韓語中只能用‘’,并且漢語的“這、那”可以用“這/那’+一+VP”的形式回指VP,而韓語無此用法;漢語的指示詞在篇章中可以同時(shí)行使回指和預(yù)指功能,而韓語則不能。
[Abstract]:Deixis is a common phenomenon in human language. Deixis are frequently used in both daily conversation and written discourse. Based on the generality theory and pragmatic theory in typology, this paper makes a comparative study of the deixis in Korean, Chinese and Vietnamese in terms of their systematic classification and pragmatic functions. The purpose is to find out the commonness and individuality of the three languages' deixis. The purpose is to provide some help for foreign language learners and to promote the understanding of common language phenomena to a certain extent. The results are as follows: First of all, from the perspective of the hierarchical classification of deixis and their classification parameters, Chinese is a two-point system, and the main influencing parameter is the distance index; Korean and Vietnamese belong to a 3-point system, and the parameters that affect Korean are mainly distant. Participants and visible / invisible parameters, while the main parameters affecting Vietnamese are distance and visible / invisible parameters. It is found that Chinese and Vietnamese deixis systems tend to distance, while Korean deixis systems tend to participants. On this basis, we conclude that the language of "other classified parameter) distance parameter" contains commonness, that is, distance parameter is the fundamental parameter of classifying indicator system, and other parameters are in the periphery of distance parameter. Secondly, from the direct function of the deixis, the Chinese "this, that" can exercise the functions of character deixis, object deixis, spatial deixis and time deixis. The three-point system of Korean and Vietnamese deixis in the exercise of the function of direct reference has some limitations. Korean can be used when indicating space, but can only be used when indicating an invisible person or thing, and can not be used to indicate time. In Vietnamese, only proximal and distal deixis can be used in time deixis, and ultra distant deixis can not indicate time. On this basis, we summed up the "time?" People / things? The language of "space" contains a common sequence, that is, in a linguistic indicator system, if the word indicating time is N, then the words indicating character, thing and space are at least N. Finally, on the function of deixis, due to the lack of data, we only compare Korean and Chinese. The similarity is that Chinese and Korean do not have text function, so both Chinese and Korean have two sub-systems when they exercise the function of text deixis. The independent use of deixis and "NP" are the main forms of anaphora function in Korean and Chinese. Both NP and VP can become anaphora contents. Both Korean and Chinese deixis have the function of preindication, and both have the stylistic effect of causing suspense, so that the listener / reader can concentrate on the subsequent content. The difference is that when the deixis are singly anaphora and the antecedents are VP forms, the Chinese word "this, that" can be used, while in Korean, it can only be used with "this," and the Chinese word "this," The anaphora can be used in the form of "this / that'VP", but not in Korean; the Chinese deixis can perform both anaphora and presupposition functions in the text, but the Korean language can not.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:上海外國(guó)語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號(hào)】:H146;H55
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