中國外交部新聞發(fā)言人例行記者會中合作原則的偏離現(xiàn)象研究
本文選題:外交部發(fā)言人答記者問 切入點:合作原則 出處:《東北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文
【摘要】:外交部例行記者招待會在國際風(fēng)云變幻莫測的今天,對于宣傳我國的外交政策及闡述我國對國際問題的立場和看法有著不可忽視的作用。本文通過格賴斯的合作原則理論,,對外交部例行記者招待會中外交部發(fā)言人的回答進(jìn)行定性和定量相結(jié)合的分析,探究發(fā)言人違反合作原則所想要達(dá)到的效果,并且揭示在某些回答中發(fā)言人話語中的深層含義。本論文分析的數(shù)據(jù)材料全部來源于2010年1月1日至2010年7月1日中國外交部官方網(wǎng)站上外交部發(fā)言人答記者問原文,共包括49場記者會,706個提問與回答。 通過研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在通常情況下,發(fā)言人不違反合作原則(占總答問比例的47.8%)。而發(fā)言人在例行記者會上的答問偏離合作原則時所希望達(dá)到的效果如下: 1.發(fā)言人想要完全回避某個問題。(占總答問比例的18.7%) 2.發(fā)言人為了更加禮貌,從而遵守禮貌原則而違反合作原則。(占總答問比例的2.7%) 3.發(fā)言人想要進(jìn)一步闡述中國在某問題上的立場。(占總答問比例的1.2%) 4.發(fā)言人想要間接回應(yīng)記者的問題,從而違反合作原則,產(chǎn)生會話含義。(占總答問比例的29.6%) 由此可見,在多半情況下,發(fā)言人都不得不違反合作原則來進(jìn)行回答,主要是因為外交形勢復(fù)雜多變,記者提問大都涉及敏感、機密等棘手問題而導(dǎo)致的。同時,違反數(shù)量原則又分為三種情況:1.單純違反數(shù)量準(zhǔn)則2.宣布違反合作原則后,違反數(shù)量準(zhǔn)則3.完全合作后,違反數(shù)量準(zhǔn)則。這說明,中國在和平發(fā)展的過程中,難免會面對諸多質(zhì)疑、猜忌和誤解,因此為了防止授人以柄和減少惡意誤解和中傷,發(fā)言人常常不得不違反數(shù)量準(zhǔn)則來更多地闡述中方的立場和觀點。 本文通過運用語用學(xué)理論來分析外交部發(fā)言人的回答,拓寬了語用學(xué)在實際對話中的應(yīng)用范圍,有助于理解發(fā)言人話語中的會話含義。同時,在我國不斷加強信息發(fā)布機制的今天,有助于各級政府部門完善新聞發(fā)布制度以及對發(fā)言人回答記者提問給予一定參考。
[Abstract]:The routine press conference of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs has played an important role in publicizing China's foreign policy and explaining our country's position and views on international issues in today's unpredictable international situation. To make a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Foreign Ministry spokesman's reply during the routine press conference of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, and to explore the effect that the spokesman wants to achieve when he violates the principle of cooperation. The data materials analyzed in this paper all come from the official website of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of China from January 1, 2010 to July 1, 2010. A total of 49 press conferences and 706 questions and answers. The study found that, under normal circumstances, the spokesman does not violate the principle of cooperation (47.8 per cent of the total answer). The following results are expected when the speaker's question and answer at a regular press conference deviates from the principle:. 1. The speaker would like to avoid a question altogether (18.7% of the total answer). 2. The speaker violated the principle of cooperation in order to be more polite, thereby adhering to the principle of politeness. (2.7% of the total answer). 3. The speaker would like to elaborate further on China's position on an issue. (1.2% of the total answer). 4. The speaker wants to respond indirectly to journalists' questions, thus violating the principle of cooperation and creating conversational implicature. It can be seen from this that, in most cases, the spokesman has to answer in violation of the principle of cooperation, mainly because of the complex and changeable diplomatic situation and the fact that most of the questions raised by reporters involve sensitive, confidential and other difficult questions. At the same time, The violation of the principle of quantity is further divided into three situations: 1.The mere violation of the principle of quantity 2.After the declaration of violation of the principle of cooperation, the violation of the principle of quantity 3.After full cooperation, the violation of the criterion of quantity. This shows that China is in the process of peaceful development. Inevitably, there are many doubts, suspicions and misunderstandings, so in order to prevent misunderstandings and reduce malicious misunderstandings and slander, the spokesman often has to violate the quantitative criteria to explain more of China's position and views. By applying pragmatic theory to the analysis of the Foreign Ministry spokesman's reply, this paper widens the scope of application of pragmatics in practical dialogue and helps to understand the conversational implicature in the speaker's discourse. Nowadays, strengthening the mechanism of information release in our country is helpful for government departments at all levels to perfect the press release system and to give a certain reference to the spokesman in answering the reporter's questions.
【學(xué)位授予單位】:東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:H13
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