本文選題：“很/太”　切入點(diǎn)：語義　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文主要從共時(shí)與歷時(shí)層面對程度副詞“很/太”進(jìn)行考察與研究。在共時(shí)層面上，對“很/太”的組合成分、句法功能、句式選擇、外部形式等展開論述，并力圖用構(gòu)式語法理論分析出“很/太+X”結(jié)構(gòu)的語義制約條件等。在歷時(shí)層面上，對“很”、“太”的語義、組合功能、句法功能等歷時(shí)演變情況展開論述。 包括緒論和結(jié)語在內(nèi)，，本文共有五章。 第一章為緒論，主要對“很/太”的研究現(xiàn)狀和背景進(jìn)行了簡要概述，并對本課題的研究目的、研究方法與語料來源等相關(guān)情況進(jìn)行說明。 第二章對“很/太”進(jìn)行共時(shí)層面的考察與研究。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)“很/太”在短語和句子層面存在著統(tǒng)一和對立之處。（一）在短語層面，“很/太”都可以修飾形容詞、心理動詞、性質(zhì)凸顯類動詞、性質(zhì)蘊(yùn)涵類動詞及動賓短語、偏正短語、兼語短語和聯(lián)合短語，而且語義越抽象的、性狀義越明顯的越能受副詞“很/太”修飾。同時(shí)，“很”、“太”一般不能與帶有“著、了、過”時(shí)態(tài)助詞的短語組合。但總體上來看“太”的組合面要比“很”窄，如“太”不能修飾特殊數(shù)量短語、動補(bǔ)短語中“V得C”格式等。此外，“很”、“太”與這些成分組合時(shí)其優(yōu)先序列上也存在著差異。（二）在句子層面上，“很/太”在句表形式、句法功能和句類句式的選擇上也呈現(xiàn)差異性。如：句表形式存在著“了”、“的”、“過于”的對立；在句法功能上存在著能否充當(dāng)狀語的對立，在句類句式上對感嘆句、祈使句、“把”/被”字句的選擇上存在著對立。同時(shí)，“很”、“太”在組合能力和“很/太+X”的句法功能的優(yōu)先序列上也存在著統(tǒng)一性和對立性。 第三章從語義角度對“很”、“太”在句法組配、句法功能上呈現(xiàn)出的統(tǒng)一性和對立性進(jìn)行分析，梳理出兩者相融性和區(qū)別性的語義特征，并在此基礎(chǔ)上運(yùn)用構(gòu)式語法理論分析“很/太+X”的構(gòu)式義及其語義制約條件。當(dāng)組合成分“X”與“很”、“太”的語義特征相匹配時(shí)，則“很/太+X”語義相融，形成一種例示關(guān)系。相反，若語義不相容時(shí)，則通過語義壓制使之獲得可能性的語義特征，實(shí)現(xiàn)語義和諧的效果。而且這些具有相同或相似性語義特征的成分進(jìn)入“很/太+X”構(gòu)式中，形成了一個(gè)家族式的網(wǎng)絡(luò)。 第四章從歷時(shí)的層面對“很/太”進(jìn)行考察，勾勒出語義、組合成分、句法功能的演變軌跡。在語義上“很”經(jīng)歷了從動詞到程度副詞的語法化歷程，“太”從先秦時(shí)開始就有了程度副詞的用法，其發(fā)展穩(wěn)定。在組合成分和句法功能上，“很”、“太”呈現(xiàn)出“豐富化”和“復(fù)雜化”的趨勢，但其語法性質(zhì)整體上趨于穩(wěn)定發(fā)展。 第五章為結(jié)語，概括了全文主要內(nèi)容，指出了文章不足之處及需進(jìn)一步研究的部分。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the synchronic and diachronic aspects of the degree adverb "very / too" are investigated and studied. At the synchronic level, the composition, syntactic function, sentence pattern choice and external form of "very / too" are discussed. It also tries to analyze the semantic constraints of the "very / too X" structure by using the theory of construction grammar. On the diachronic level, it discusses the diachronic evolution of the semantics, combinatorial functions and syntactic functions of "very" and "Tai". Including introduction and conclusion, there are five chapters in this paper. The first chapter is the introduction, mainly to the "very / too" research status and background of a brief overview, and the purpose of this research, research methods and data sources and other related situations are explained. The second chapter investigates and studies the synchronic aspect of "very / too". It is found that there is a unity and opposition between "very / too" at the level of phrase and sentence. (1) at the level of phrase, "very / too" can modify adjectives and psychological verbs. The more abstract the meaning is, the more abstract is the meaning of the verb, the verb and the verb-object phrase, the positive phrase, the paraphrase phrase and the joint phrase. The more obvious the meaning of a trait is, the more it can be modified by the adverb "very / too". At the same time, "very" and "too" can not be combined with phrases with "too," or "too," but in general, the combination of "too" is narrower than that of "very". For example, "too" can not modify a special number of phrases, "V de C" in a verb-complement phrase, and so on. In addition, there are differences in the priority sequence between "very" and "Tai" when combined with these components. (2) at the sentence level, "very / too" is in the form of a sentence. There are also differences in the choice of syntactic functions and sentence types. For example, there are the opposites of "already", "too" and "too" in the form of sentence tables, and whether they can act as adverbials in syntactic functions, and exclamatory sentences in sentence types. At the same time, there is unity and opposites in the priority sequence of combination ability and syntactic function of "Da" and "Tai X" in imperative sentence, "Ba" / "Bei" sentence and in the choice of "Ba / Bei" sentence, at the same time, "very" and "Tai" also have unity and opposition in the priority sequence of syntactic function of "very / too X". The third chapter analyzes the unity and opposites in syntactic combination and syntactic function from the semantic point of view, and combs out the semantic characteristics of the fusion and distinction between the two. On the basis of this, the construction meaning of "very / too X" and its semantic constraints are analyzed by using the theory of construction grammar. When the combined component "X" matches the semantic features of "very" and "Tai", the semantic meaning of "very / too X" melts. Form an illustrative relationship. On the contrary, if the semantic is incompatible, the semantic feature that makes it possible through semantic suppression, Moreover, these elements with the same or similar semantic characteristics are entered into the "very / too X" structure, forming a family network. Chapter 4th examines "very / too" from a diachronic perspective, outlining semantics, composition, The evolution of syntactic function. Semantically "very" experienced the grammaticalization process from verb to degree adverb, and "Tai" had the usage of degree adverb since the pre-Qin Dynasty. In terms of composition and syntactic functions, "very" and "too" show a tendency of "enrichment" and "complexity", but their grammatical properties tend to develop steadily as a whole. Chapter 5th is the conclusion, summarizes the main contents of the paper, points out the shortcomings of the article and the part that needs further study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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