本文選題：語料庫　切入點：比較句式　出處：《北京大學》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：本文在前人研究的基礎上，確定了“跟”“有”“比”三種句法性比較句式作為研究對象，根據(jù)平衡語料對這三種比較句式進行了描寫和分析，勾勒了其句式的分布表現(xiàn)、句法語義和詞匯特點，對比了其在書面語語料和口語語料中的語體差異。并在描寫分析的基礎上，進一步討論了比較句式的整合和分化的理論問題。 本文的寫作包括四個部分，通論、分論、總論和結論。 第一章和第二章的通論部分回顧了前人關于比較句式的界定和描寫研究，確立了本文的研究設計。本文將比較句式概括為詞匯句式和句法句式兩種，并將研究對象聚焦在句法句式：以虛詞（介詞“跟”“有”“比”）為核心形成的比較句式上。 第三章至第五章的分論部分結合國家語委語料庫及北京口語等語料庫對比較句式“跟”“有”“比”的分布情況、句法特點、語義特點和詞匯搭配等表現(xiàn)進行了逐一描寫。我們發(fā)現(xiàn)，“跟”句式在比較語義上表現(xiàn)為等同比較、近似比較、不同比較，，其中等同比較的“跟”句式數(shù)量最多。“有”句式在比較語義上表現(xiàn)為等同比較、不及比較兩種，絕大多數(shù)“有”句式都表示等同比較。“比”句式在比較語義上表現(xiàn)為勝過比較、等同比較和不及比較三種，絕大多數(shù)“比”句式都表勝過比較。本文對其下類的各種具體比較句式的語法功能、語義特點和詞匯搭配又進行了進一步的描寫。同時還對比了這些比較句式在書面語語料和口語語料中表現(xiàn)出的具體語體差異。 第六章的總論部分將“跟”“有”“比”句式統(tǒng)一地整合為比較語義向比較結構的投射結果并探討了促使這三種句式的分化的認知、詞匯、語義和語體動因。本文認為，語言的“象似性”為比較句式的整合提供了基礎：“跟”“有”“比”比較句式都是比較結構對比較語義的臨摹的結果。而語言中存在的“隱現(xiàn)制約”、“虛實互選”、“強弱互選”三對關系是造成“跟”“有”“比”在比較項目、比較標記和比較結果上出現(xiàn)分化的主要原因。 第七章結論部分回顧了本文所做的工作，討論了比較句式的教學問題，并總結了本文的創(chuàng)新點和不足之處。
[Abstract]:On the basis of previous studies, this paper determines three syntactic comparative sentence patterns as the object of study, describes and analyzes the three comparative sentence patterns according to the balanced corpus, and outlines the distribution of the sentence patterns. The syntactic, semantic and lexical features are compared with the differences between the written and spoken corpus. On the basis of descriptive analysis, the theoretical problems of the integration and differentiation of comparative sentence patterns are further discussed. This thesis consists of four parts: general theory, division theory, general theory and conclusion. In the first and second chapters, the author reviews the previous studies on the definition and description of comparative sentence patterns, and establishes the research design of this paper. The research object is focused on syntactic sentence structure: a comparative sentence pattern formed by function words (preposition "and" you ") as the core. The third to 5th chapters are divided into two parts: the distribution and syntactic characteristics of the comparative sentence pattern "and" with "there", combined with the National language Commission Corpus and the Corpus of spoken Chinese in Beijing, etc. The semantic features and lexical collocations are described one by one. Among them, the number of "and" sentence pattern is the most. "you" sentence expression is equivalent to comparison in comparative semantics, less than comparison, most of "you" sentence pattern means equivalent comparison. "Bei" sentence expression is better than comparison in comparative semantics. Most of the "bi" sentence patterns are superior to comparison. This paper deals with the grammatical functions of various specific comparative sentence patterns in the following categories. The semantic features and lexical collocations are further described, and the differences between these comparative sentence patterns in the written and spoken corpus are also compared. The general part of Chapter 6th unifies the sentence pattern of "with" and "you" into the result of projection from comparative semantics to comparative structure, and discusses the cognitive, lexical, semantic and stylistic motivations that contribute to the differentiation of these three sentence patterns. The "iconicity" of language provides the basis for the integration of comparative sentence patterns: "with" has "than" comparative sentences are the result of comparative structures' copying of comparative semantics, while the language's "hidden constraints", "mutual selection of virtual reality", "strong and weak" Selecting "three pairs of relationships" from one another is the result of "comparing" with "having" in the comparison of items, The main causes of differentiation in comparison markers and results. The conclusion of Chapter 7th reviews the work done in this paper, discusses the teaching problems of comparative sentence structure, and summarizes the innovation and deficiency of this paper.
【學位授予單位】：北京大學
【學位級別】：博士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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