本文選題：反問(wèn)句　切入點(diǎn)：否定　出處：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：反問(wèn)句在漢語(yǔ)中使用相當(dāng)廣泛,很早就引起了學(xué)者們的關(guān)注。本文在吸收、借鑒前人已有成果的基礎(chǔ)上,運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言學(xué)、認(rèn)知學(xué)、邏輯學(xué)的一些相關(guān)原理,如焦點(diǎn)、預(yù)設(shè)、動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)境、多值邏輯等,描寫(xiě)與解釋相結(jié)合,對(duì)反問(wèn)句的否定及其反問(wèn)度進(jìn)行考察。 在討論反問(wèn)句的否定時(shí),本文首先分析了特指反問(wèn)句與是非反問(wèn)句各自否定語(yǔ)義的來(lái)源及影響因素,指出：前者是疑問(wèn)詞、反問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣、動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)境共同作用的結(jié)果；后者是反問(wèn)語(yǔ)氣、情態(tài)語(yǔ)氣副詞、特定短語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和動(dòng)態(tài)語(yǔ)境共同作用的結(jié)果。在此基礎(chǔ)上,采用對(duì)比的方法,從反問(wèn)句與否定句兩者的自身屬性、句法形式、語(yǔ)用功能、否定轄域和句焦等幾個(gè)方面將反問(wèn)句的否定與一般否定句的否定進(jìn)行比較,進(jìn)而發(fā)現(xiàn)：反問(wèn)句有特殊的語(yǔ)用功能,它可以使否定義加強(qiáng)、附加義凸顯,即表明言說(shuō)者真正的意圖,它對(duì)語(yǔ)境有很強(qiáng)的依賴(lài)性；它不同于線性的、有標(biāo)記的一般否定句,它是一種非線性的隱性否定,否定的是整個(gè)句子,它沒(méi)有獨(dú)立的否定轄域。 關(guān)于反問(wèn)度,本文分別從“準(zhǔn)”、“什么”兩小類(lèi)以及情態(tài)和命題兩個(gè)角度入手分析特指反問(wèn)句與是非反問(wèn)句的反問(wèn)度。通過(guò)對(duì)“誰(shuí)”類(lèi)問(wèn)句與“什么”類(lèi)問(wèn)句反問(wèn)度的大致趨勢(shì)及道義、動(dòng)力、認(rèn)識(shí)三種情態(tài)和命題的否定程度與反問(wèn)度的考察,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)反問(wèn)句的否定程度與反問(wèn)度成正比。此外,我們還發(fā)現(xiàn),盡管反問(wèn)句是無(wú)疑而問(wèn),不需要對(duì)方回答,但它有時(shí)也可以有自己的答語(yǔ),其答語(yǔ)既可以加強(qiáng)反問(wèn)度,也可以削弱反問(wèn)度。
[Abstract]:Rhetorical questions are widely used in Chinese and have long attracted the attention of scholars. On the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from previous achievements, this paper applies some relevant principles of linguistics, cognition and logic, such as focus, presupposition, etc. Dynamic context, multi-valued logic, description and interpretation are combined to investigate the negation and rhetorical degree of rhetorical questions. When discussing the negation of rhetorical questions, this paper first analyzes the origin and influence factors of the negative semantics of specific rhetorical questions and non-rhetorical sentences, and points out that the former is the result of the joint action of interrogative words, counter-questioning mood and dynamic context; The latter is the result of the interaction of rhetorical mood, modal mood adverb, specific phrase structure and dynamic context. On this basis, the contrastive method is used to analyze the attributes, syntactic forms, pragmatic functions of rhetorical and negative sentences. The negation scope and sentence focus compare the negation of rhetorical question with the negation of general negative sentence, and find out that rhetorical question has special pragmatic function, which can strengthen the definition and add meaning to it. That is to say, it shows the real intention of the speaker, it has a strong dependence on context; it is different from the linear, marked general negative sentence, it is a nonlinear implicit negation, the negation is the whole sentence, it has no independent negation domain. With regard to the degree of questioning, This paper analyzes the rhetorical degree of specific rhetorical and non-rhetorical questions from the perspectives of "quasi" and "what", as well as modal and propositional aspects. Through the general trend of rhetorical degree of "who" type of question and "what" type of question, and the tendency of morality and motive force, We find that the negative degree of rhetorical question is proportional to the degree of rhetorical question, and we also find that although the rhetorical question is undoubtedly asked, there is no need for the other party to answer it, if we understand the negation degree of the three moods and propositions, we find that the negation degree of the rhetorical question is directly proportional to the rhetorical degree of the rhetorical question. But sometimes it can have its own answer, which can not only strengthen the degree of counterexamination, but also weaken the degree of counterexamination.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H146.2

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