本文選題：反問句　切入點：否定　出處：《浙江師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：反問句在漢語中使用相當廣泛,很早就引起了學者們的關(guān)注。本文在吸收、借鑒前人已有成果的基礎(chǔ)上,運用語言學、認知學、邏輯學的一些相關(guān)原理,如焦點、預設、動態(tài)語境、多值邏輯等,描寫與解釋相結(jié)合,對反問句的否定及其反問度進行考察。 在討論反問句的否定時,本文首先分析了特指反問句與是非反問句各自否定語義的來源及影響因素,指出：前者是疑問詞、反問語氣、動態(tài)語境共同作用的結(jié)果；后者是反問語氣、情態(tài)語氣副詞、特定短語結(jié)構(gòu)和動態(tài)語境共同作用的結(jié)果。在此基礎(chǔ)上,采用對比的方法,從反問句與否定句兩者的自身屬性、句法形式、語用功能、否定轄域和句焦等幾個方面將反問句的否定與一般否定句的否定進行比較,進而發(fā)現(xiàn)：反問句有特殊的語用功能,它可以使否定義加強、附加義凸顯,即表明言說者真正的意圖,它對語境有很強的依賴性；它不同于線性的、有標記的一般否定句,它是一種非線性的隱性否定,否定的是整個句子,它沒有獨立的否定轄域。 關(guān)于反問度,本文分別從“準”、“什么”兩小類以及情態(tài)和命題兩個角度入手分析特指反問句與是非反問句的反問度。通過對“誰”類問句與“什么”類問句反問度的大致趨勢及道義、動力、認識三種情態(tài)和命題的否定程度與反問度的考察,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)反問句的否定程度與反問度成正比。此外,我們還發(fā)現(xiàn),盡管反問句是無疑而問,不需要對方回答,但它有時也可以有自己的答語,其答語既可以加強反問度,也可以削弱反問度。
[Abstract]:Rhetorical questions are widely used in Chinese and have long attracted the attention of scholars. On the basis of absorbing and drawing lessons from previous achievements, this paper applies some relevant principles of linguistics, cognition and logic, such as focus, presupposition, etc. Dynamic context, multi-valued logic, description and interpretation are combined to investigate the negation and rhetorical degree of rhetorical questions. When discussing the negation of rhetorical questions, this paper first analyzes the origin and influence factors of the negative semantics of specific rhetorical questions and non-rhetorical sentences, and points out that the former is the result of the joint action of interrogative words, counter-questioning mood and dynamic context; The latter is the result of the interaction of rhetorical mood, modal mood adverb, specific phrase structure and dynamic context. On this basis, the contrastive method is used to analyze the attributes, syntactic forms, pragmatic functions of rhetorical and negative sentences. The negation scope and sentence focus compare the negation of rhetorical question with the negation of general negative sentence, and find out that rhetorical question has special pragmatic function, which can strengthen the definition and add meaning to it. That is to say, it shows the real intention of the speaker, it has a strong dependence on context; it is different from the linear, marked general negative sentence, it is a nonlinear implicit negation, the negation is the whole sentence, it has no independent negation domain. With regard to the degree of questioning, This paper analyzes the rhetorical degree of specific rhetorical and non-rhetorical questions from the perspectives of "quasi" and "what", as well as modal and propositional aspects. Through the general trend of rhetorical degree of "who" type of question and "what" type of question, and the tendency of morality and motive force, We find that the negative degree of rhetorical question is proportional to the degree of rhetorical question, and we also find that although the rhetorical question is undoubtedly asked, there is no need for the other party to answer it, if we understand the negation degree of the three moods and propositions, we find that the negation degree of the rhetorical question is directly proportional to the rhetorical degree of the rhetorical question. But sometimes it can have its own answer, which can not only strengthen the degree of counterexamination, but also weaken the degree of counterexamination.
【學位授予單位】：浙江師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146.2

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