本文選題：類型學(xué)　切入點(diǎn)：動結(jié)句　出處：《湖南師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以語料庫中的英漢動結(jié)式為對象,主要集中于對其共性和個性的類型學(xué)分析闡述。英漢兩種語言都有豐富的句法形式來表達(dá)動結(jié)概念,漢語多是采用分析型表達(dá)方式,即深層的兩個語義概念在表層上采取了兩個語言單位的組合,而英語則既可以采用單個詞語的綜合型表達(dá)手段,又可以是不同形式的分析型表達(dá)手段,因此,為了選擇具有可比性的參數(shù),本文以分析型動結(jié)句式為具體研究對象。 有關(guān)動結(jié)式的研究,學(xué)者們分別從其類型、句法和語義方面做了詳細(xì)的研究,但跨語言比較做得不夠,較少涉及類型學(xué)方面的研究。本文將從類型學(xué)的角度,對英漢動結(jié)句進(jìn)行較為深入的對比研究,以發(fā)掘英漢動結(jié)句的類型學(xué)特征。另外,為了保障理論解釋的充分性,文章借用了認(rèn)知語言學(xué)的象似性,語法化,概念轉(zhuǎn)喻和原型范疇理論。方法上,采用定量分析與定性分析相結(jié)合,以及數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計的方法。本文涉及SVO和SOV兩種語言類型,其中英語語料有1500多個句子,漢語語料有1800多個句子,還涉及到10余中少數(shù)名族語言和外語語料研究。 本文從三方面來考察英漢動結(jié)式句：第一,對語序的考察,通過對英漢動結(jié)句的基本語序以及SVO和SOV類型中其他語言動結(jié)式語序的考察,找出動結(jié)句的基本語序和語序特征。第二,對英漢動結(jié)式的句法類型及其標(biāo)記性的考察。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),英語三類語序中SVOR和SVR是非標(biāo)記性的,SVRO是標(biāo)記性的,漢語八類語序中SVRO、SVR和“把”字句動結(jié)式是非標(biāo)記性的,SOVR、SVOR、SV1OV2R、SVRO1O2和SV1O1OV2RO2屬于標(biāo)記形式。第三,對動結(jié)句語法等級的考察。通過考察,本文得出動結(jié)句的兩個語法等級關(guān)系。分別是英漢動結(jié)式致事選擇語法等級和結(jié)果補(bǔ)語語法等級。 認(rèn)知語言學(xué)認(rèn)為,語言不僅僅是對外部世界的反映,還與人們的認(rèn)知能力、對外部世界的感知和概念化方式緊密相關(guān),因此本文利用認(rèn)知語言學(xué)中的概念隱喻理論和原型范疇理論來解釋英漢動結(jié)句的類型學(xué)特征。了解掌握英漢動結(jié)式的共性這對我們習(xí)得這種句法形式有著很重要的指導(dǎo)意義,對英語和對外漢語教學(xué)有一定的幫助,同時對我們做此類文本翻譯也有很現(xiàn)實的輔助意義。
[Abstract]:This paper focuses on the typological analysis of generality and individuality in English and Chinese corpus. Both English and Chinese have abundant syntactic forms to express the concept of verb knot. That is to say, the two deep semantic concepts adopt the combination of two linguistic units on the surface, and English can use both a single word's comprehensive expression and different forms of analytical expression. In order to select comparable parameters, this paper takes the analytical verb-knot as the specific research object. On the study of verbose conjunctions, scholars have made detailed studies on their types, syntax and semantics, but the cross-linguistic comparison is not enough, and there is less research on typology. This paper will focus on typology. The contrastive study is carried out in order to find out the typological characteristics of English and Chinese verb-knot sentences. In addition, in order to ensure the adequacy of theoretical interpretation, the paper borrows the iconicity and grammaticalization of cognitive linguistics. Conceptual metonymy and prototype category theory. In terms of methods, quantitative analysis and qualitative analysis, as well as statistical methods, are adopted. This paper deals with two language types, SVO and SOV, in which there are more than 1 500 sentences in English corpus. There are more than 1800 sentences in Chinese corpus. This paper examines English and Chinese verb-resultant sentences from three aspects: first, the study of word order, the basic word order of English and Chinese verb-knot sentences and the order of other languages in SVO and SOV. Find out the basic word order and word order characteristics of utterance knots. Secondly, we investigate the syntactic types and their markedness of English and Chinese verbatim conjunctions. We find that SVOR and SVR, which are non-marked, are marked in three English word orders. In the eight word orders of Chinese, SVRO-SVR and "Ba" sentence's verb-conjunctive and non-marked form belong to marked form. Third, the grammatical level of verb-junction sentence is investigated. Through investigation, we can find out that SVRO-SVR and SV1O1OV2RO2 belong to the marked form of SV1OV2RNSVRO1O2 and SV1O1OV2RO2. In this paper, there are two grammatical hierarchies between English and Chinese verb-resultant sentences, that is, the grammatical levels of resultant complements and the grammatical levels of resultant complements. Cognitive linguistics holds that language is not only a reflection of the external world, but also closely related to people's cognitive ability, perception and conceptualization of the external world. Therefore, this paper uses the conceptual metaphor theory and prototype category theory in cognitive linguistics to explain the typological characteristics of English and Chinese verb-knot sentences. It is of great significance for us to understand the generality of English and Chinese verb-resultant sentences, which is of great significance to our acquisition of this kind of syntactic form. It is helpful to the teaching of English and Chinese as a foreign language.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H04

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