發(fā)布時間：2018-02-16 04:14

  本文關(guān)鍵詞： 副詞 類副詞 功能層級 現(xiàn)代漢語 宏觀研究 類型學(xué)　出處：《上海外國語大學(xué)》2012年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本研究以語言的層級觀、語言的類型學(xué)觀和語言的功能-認(rèn)知觀為理論視角，立足于現(xiàn)代漢語副詞的豐富語料，建立了現(xiàn)代漢語副詞及類副詞的功能層級分析結(jié)構(gòu)，從宏觀層面取得了對語素層副詞、詞層副詞、短語層副詞、小句層副詞、句子層副詞和語篇層副詞以及跨層副詞、副詞語義類型與層級對應(yīng)關(guān)系、跨語言副詞比較等一系列較新的認(rèn)識或發(fā)現(xiàn)，在理論和實踐中嘗試探索了現(xiàn)代漢語副詞宏觀研究的可行性和現(xiàn)實意義。 本研究由六章內(nèi)容構(gòu)成。 第一章緒論提出了研究的問題，論證了研究的意義，界定了研究的對象和范圍、給出了本文的副詞定義和分類簡表、制定了四個工作假設(shè)、描述了研究的方法、說明了語料的選擇。對全文框架作了較為統(tǒng)一的交代，為下文各章節(jié)的論述提供必要的線索。 第二章文獻(xiàn)綜述部分主要從兩個大的方面來梳理前人和時賢關(guān)于副詞的論述。其一從宏觀探索和微觀分析兩個角度考察了現(xiàn)代漢語副詞的研究現(xiàn)狀；其二結(jié)合副詞的一般性研究和層級研究探討了國外副詞研究的動態(tài)；并提出副詞的“修飾語+中心語”視角，以此為切入點修改第一章的分類簡表，產(chǎn)生本文參照各語言單位層級的中心語和副詞結(jié)構(gòu)分析框架。 第三、四、五章是全文的核心部分。其中第三章通過語料分析，驗證本研究的第一、二個工作假設(shè)。概括起來，首先綜合討論語素層副詞（MAdv）中單、雙音節(jié)副詞的分布情況和語法特性；然后考察詞層副詞（WAdv）的附謂副詞和附體副詞與動詞、形容詞、名詞的組合情況；接著分析短語層副詞（PAdv）對名詞性短語、動詞性短語、形容詞性短語進(jìn)行修飾以及副詞連用的情況；其次關(guān)注小句層副詞（CAdv）在保持小句的銜接和連貫的同時，還兼有詞、短語層副詞的限定作用或句子、話語層副詞的傳情表態(tài)作用，是幾個層級之間的必要過渡；再次討論對應(yīng)命題內(nèi)容之外的情態(tài)成分的句子層副詞（SAdv）；最后探討語篇層副詞（DAdv）的形式特征和篇章功能。就部分副詞可跨越層級以修飾不同層次中心語的情況而言，語料分析顯示出一定的傾向性和規(guī)律性。 第四章檢驗第三、四個工作假設(shè)。一方面對照國內(nèi)漢語學(xué)界對副詞語義的常規(guī)分類模式，尋找不同層級的副詞與不同范疇語義之間的對應(yīng)關(guān)系。另一方面以漢語之外的多語種語料來驗證副詞層級結(jié)構(gòu)的普遍性，以及可能的留白或差異。 第五章為上述發(fā)現(xiàn)提供一些理論解釋。漢語雙音化的演變對現(xiàn)代漢語副詞產(chǎn)生了深刻的影響。單音節(jié)副詞作為典型成員，表現(xiàn)出相對更高的使用頻率和更多樣的功能表現(xiàn)。單、雙音節(jié)副詞在韻律和語義上都表現(xiàn)出不同的特征。人類的認(rèn)知因素和語用動因也在不同程度上影響著副詞的概念化內(nèi)容和詞匯化形式。 第六章結(jié)論部分總結(jié)全文的研究，歸納前文的主要發(fā)現(xiàn)和創(chuàng)新點，指出本文的局限性和存在的不足之處。并指出今后進(jìn)一步研究的方向和研究前景。 本文對現(xiàn)代漢語副詞的層級研究主要有以下創(chuàng)新點： （1）現(xiàn)代漢語副詞的宏觀研究極少，，現(xiàn)有文獻(xiàn)中僅張誼生（2000b）單篇論文和褚俊海（2010）歷時視角的宏觀研究，而綜合性共時宏觀研究的缺位，不能不說是一種遺憾，本研究試圖彌補這一盲點。本文不但建立了貫穿各個語言單位的現(xiàn)代漢語副詞層級研究的宏觀框架，并且在此框架下，將語素層副詞和語篇層副詞單獨列出，進(jìn)行了較為充分的分析，挖掘了此兩類副詞的特性也兼顧了層級框架的系統(tǒng)性。 （2）有效廓清了對多義副詞和位置靈活多變的副詞的籠統(tǒng)認(rèn)識，指出兩者既有聯(lián)系又有區(qū)別，通過對跨層副詞的系統(tǒng)性分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)了副詞層級分布中的某些傾向性和規(guī)律性。充分重視副詞語義類型的傳統(tǒng)研究，將之與本文的副詞層級研究對照起來，從這個意義上說，構(gòu)建了不同于以往的一維的研究體系，形成意義-分布二維觀照的宏觀框架。 （3）首次以漢語副詞為本體，整體將漢語副詞的層級特性置于語言類型學(xué)的視野下，以歐洲和亞洲國家的多種語言進(jìn)行了跨語言的比較。綜合提出了韻律、語義、語用、功能、認(rèn)知、類型學(xué)、文化、歷史等多個角度的理論性解釋，這在以往的單個研究中也不多見。 本文對副詞的層級研究具有普通語言學(xué)的理論意義。本文嘗試使用統(tǒng)一的理論框架來分析副詞，一方面立足現(xiàn)代漢語，擬構(gòu)建一個描寫和解釋副詞的理論模式，可以為豐富現(xiàn)代漢語理論語言學(xué)作出一定貢獻(xiàn)；另一方面面向世界多種語言，希冀為副詞的類型學(xué)研究提供一定的參考基礎(chǔ)。此外，國外語言學(xué)理論對副詞的分析以英語為主要語料，漢語的語料研究能提供跨語言的檢驗證據(jù)，有望對現(xiàn)有理論有所發(fā)展或補充。 同時，本研究也將具有一定的應(yīng)用價值。根據(jù)尹斌庸（1986）和郭銳（2002）等的統(tǒng)計，副詞的平均出現(xiàn)頻率僅次于動詞和名詞。換言之，副詞的活動能力，即副詞平均能量是很高的。由于副詞使用的高頻率和高活動能力，副詞用法呈現(xiàn)豐富的多樣性，勢必給語言學(xué)習(xí)者造成學(xué)習(xí)上的困難。通過本文對副詞的梳理，我們期望挖掘出副詞意義、功能和分布上的某些共性規(guī)律，為對外漢語教學(xué)、翻譯、中文信息處理等工作提供一些借鑒和幫助。
[Abstract]:In this study, the language level view, language typology and language cognition function theory perspective, enrich the corpus based on Modern Chinese adverbs, established the function level of modern Chinese adverbs and adverbs of structure analysis, from the macro level made of morpheme layer words, word level adverb phrase layer adverb, clause level adverbs, sentence level and discourse level adverbs and adverbs of cross layer adverbs, adverb semantic types and hierarchical relationship, cross language adverbs are a series of more new ideas or discoveries, try to explore the feasibility and practical significance of macroscopic study of modern Chinese adverbs in theory and practice.
This paper consists of six chapters.
The first chapter puts forward the research problems, demonstrates the significance of the research, the definition of the research object and scope, are defined in this paper and the adverb list, formulated four working hypothesis, describes the research methods, illustrates the choice of the corpus. The text gives a unified framework to provide account the necessary clues for the following chapters in this paper.
The second chapter is literature review to sort out former discussion about adverb mainly from two aspects. The one from two aspects of macro and micro analysis research investigates the current status of modern Chinese adverbs; second combining the general research and research level discusses the dynamic study on the adverbs in foreign countries; and some adverbs the "modifier + head" perspective, this is the starting point of the first chapter of the revised list, produced according to the core language and the language adverb structure unit level analysis framework.
Third, fourth, the five chapter is the core part of the thesis. The third chapter through the data analysis, verify the first, second working hypotheses of this study. To sum up, the first comprehensive discussion of morpheme adverbs (MAdv) in single layer, distribution and grammatical characteristics of double syllable adverbs; and then examine the word level adverbs (WAdv) of predicate and adverb attached adverb and verb, adjective, noun combinations; and then analyses the phrase level adverbs (PAdv) of noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases and modified adverbs; secondly on clausal level adverbs (CAdv) in the clause to maintain cohesion and coherence at the same time, also has word, phrase or sentence adverb layer limited role, the role of discourse level adverb Teaser statement, is a necessary transition between several levels; discussed again the sentence modal adverb ingredient corresponding propositional content of the last (SAdv); On the textual level adverbs (DAdv) form features and textual functions. Some adverbs can be modified by different levels across the level of language center case, corpus analysis shows the tendency and regularity.
The fourth chapter examines third, fourth working hypotheses. On the one hand control domestic Chinese scholars conventional classification model of adverbs semantic, find the corresponding relationship between different levels and different semantic category of adverbs. On the other hand the Chinese outside the multilingual corpus to verify the universality of node level adverbs, and possible differences or blank.
The fifth chapter is the findings provide some theoretical explanation. Chinese disyllabic evolution has a profound influence on Modern Chinese adverbs. Monosyllabic adverbs as typical members, show the use frequency is relatively higher and more diverse functions. Single, double syllable adverbs in semantic prosody and have shown different the characteristics of cognitive and pragmatic motivations. Humans also in different influences on the adverbs of conceptual content and vocabulary form.
The sixth chapter is the research conclusion part summarizes the main findings and innovations are summarized above, this paper points out the limitations and shortcomings. And points out the future direction of research and prospects for further research.
The level of research on the modern Chinese adverb mainly has the following innovations:
(1) - the study of modern Chinese adverbs in the existing literature rarely, only a single paper Yisheng (2000b) and Chu (2010) Junhai macro research and comprehensive diachronic perspective, the absence of synchronic macro research, is not a kind of regret, this study tries to make up for the blind. This paper not only establishes the macro framework for the study of adverbs in modern Chinese language level units throughout, and under this framework, the morpheme layer adverbs and discourse level adverbs are listed separately, analyzes the characteristics of the full mining, two kinds of adverbs also takes into account the system hierarchy framework.
(2) the effective clearance of the general understanding of polysemous adverbs and adverbs of position flexible, pointed out that they have both similarities and differences, through the analysis of the system of cross layer adverbs, found some tendency and regularity in the distribution of level adverbs. The full attention of traditional research associate semantic type, the comparison and study of the adverbs of hierarchy, in this sense, construct the research system is different from the previous one, the formation of macro framework of meaning - distribution of two-dimensional notices.
(3) for the first time in the Chinese adverb for the whole body, will be placed on the language characteristics of adverbs type hierarchy perspective, with a variety of languages in Europe and Asia were compared. It provides the cross language semantic, pragmatic, rhythm, function, cognition, typology, cultural, theoretical perspectives historical interpretation of this in a single study in the past are rare.
The significance of this research on theory level adverbs with ordinary linguistics. This thesis tries to analyze the adverb theory using the unified framework, one based on Modern Chinese, intends to construct a theoretical model of description and interpretation of adverbs, can make some contribution to enrich modern Chinese linguistics theory; on the other hand the world languages, hoping to provide the reference basis for the research on the typology of adverbs. In addition, analysis of the adverbs in foreign linguistics theory with English as the main language and study of Chinese language can provide evidence of cross language, is expected to develop or supplement to the existing theory.
At the same time, this research also has certain application value. According to Yin Binyong (1986) and Guo Rui (2002) and other statistics, the average frequency adverbs after verbs and nouns. In other words, adverbs of activity, namely adverbs of average energy is very high. Because the adverbs used in high frequency and high activity adverb, abundant diversity, which will inevitably cause learning difficulties to language learners. Through this sort of adverbs, we expect to dig out some common rules of adverb meaning, function and distribution, translation teaching Chinese as a foreign language, and provide some reference and help Chinese information processing and so on.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：上海外國語大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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本文編號：1514633