本文關(guān)鍵詞： 語法研究 揣測語氣副詞“別是” 句法特征 語義分析 語用功能　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本文以現(xiàn)代漢語揣測語氣副詞“別是”作為研究對象，運用語言學(xué)相關(guān)理論和研究方法，結(jié)合語料事實，對“別是”的句法、語義、語用、詞匯化來源及其與同類詞“莫”系詞的對比研究進行了全面、多角度考察與分析，以期對“別是”有更為全面深入的認知。 在句法方面，探討了“別是”的句法分布與句類分布。首先，“別是”的句法分布具有靈活性，，可以在句首、句中，重點考察了“別是”在賓語小句中的分布情況，認為這種分布現(xiàn)象與謂賓動詞VP1的去范疇化和“別是”賓語小句自身具有事件性、評注性的功能密切相關(guān)；此外，在一定的語言環(huán)境中，副語言、直接引語，也是語言主觀性的一種體現(xiàn)，是言者在話語中留下的“自我”表現(xiàn)成分，它們與謂賓動詞、“別是”小句的互相配合使用，能夠顯化言者的主觀視角，并增強“別是”賓語小句的揣度語氣。另外，“別是”主要出現(xiàn)在疑問句、陳述句中，少數(shù)情況下，可以分布在感嘆句中。 從語義特征、語義背景、語義轄域三個方面對“別是”語義特點進行了分析。歸納出“別是”具有自然性、附屬性、組合性的語義特征；建構(gòu)了“別是”出現(xiàn)的四類語義模式；此外，不管是句首還是句中副詞“別是”，其語義轄域都應(yīng)該是整個命題。 “別是”語用功能具有豐富性，主要包括情態(tài)功能、人際功能及篇章銜接功能三個方面。情態(tài)功能又表現(xiàn)在三個方面：表示否定性意愿、傳達婉轉(zhuǎn)、深究情態(tài)。人際功能主要體現(xiàn)在標(biāo)記揣度問和減緩語勢兩個方面；篇章銜接功能主要體現(xiàn)在關(guān)聯(lián)前后語段成并列語義關(guān)系和因果語義關(guān)系。 “別是”詞匯化是漢語史中比較晚近的事，出現(xiàn)在清代。依據(jù)詞法模式理論，認為“別是”受近代漢語中能產(chǎn)型副詞性詞法模式“F是”的影響而產(chǎn)生，是后綴“是”附著于副詞詞根“別”構(gòu)成的一個后附式合成詞，并結(jié)合前人已有研究，試提出“是”為副詞詞綴的三個條件：(1)“F”表示語義類別和語法類別；(2)“F是”中“是”不能單獨成詞，沒有實在的意義，位置具有固定性，緊密地后附于詞根“F”，構(gòu)成一個附加式合成副詞；(3)“是”能后附于不同的詞根“F”，構(gòu)成副詞，且能夠具有較強的構(gòu)詞能力，構(gòu)成詞的數(shù)目在十個以上。 從共時同類詞對比研究角度，歸納出“別”系詞與“莫”系詞在后續(xù)句特征，與其他語氣成分共現(xiàn)，與其他副詞共現(xiàn)存在的異同。
[Abstract]:Based on the modern Chinese conjectural mood adverb "Beitai" as the object of study, using linguistic theories and research methods, combined with the facts of the corpus, this paper deals with the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic aspects of "Beisai". The source of lexicalization and its contrastive study with the similar word "Mo" have been comprehensively investigated and analyzed from various angles in order to have a more comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the word "different". In the aspect of syntax, this paper discusses the syntactic distribution and sentence type distribution. Firstly, the syntactic distribution is flexible and can be found at the beginning and in the sentence. This paper mainly studies the distribution of "different" in object clauses, and concludes that this phenomenon is closely related to the decategorization of the predicate verb VP1 and the function of the "special" object clause in its own event and commentary. In addition, in a certain language environment, paralanguage, direct quotation, is also a reflection of language subjectivity, is the speaker in the discourse left in the "self" performance elements, they and the predicate verb. The combined use of "don't be" clauses can manifest the subjective perspective of the speaker and enhance the conjecture of the "don't be" clause. In addition, "don't be" mainly appears in interrogative sentences, declarative sentences, and in a few cases. It can be distributed in exclamatory sentences. This paper analyzes the semantic characteristics of "different is" from three aspects: semantic feature, semantic background and semantic domain. It constructs four kinds of semantic patterns of the appearance of "different is"; In addition, the semantic domain of the adverb "don't be" should be the whole proposition, regardless of whether it is the beginning of the sentence or the adverb in the sentence. The pragmatic functions are rich, including modal function, interpersonal function and textual cohesion function. Modal function is manifested in three aspects: expressing negative will and communicating politely. The interpersonal function is mainly embodied in the two aspects of marker-guessing and slowing down the situation; The function of textual cohesion is mainly embodied in the semantic and causal relations before and after relevance. According to the theory of lexical pattern, it is thought that the lexicalization is influenced by the lexical pattern "F is" which can produce adverbs in modern Chinese. Is a suffix "is" attached to the adverb root "different" form of a compound word, and combined with previous studies. It is put forward that "is" is the three conditions of affix of adverb: "F" means semantic category and grammatical category; (2) "F is" is "can not be a single word, no real meaning, the position has fixed, closely attached to the root" F ", constitute an additional compound adverb; "" is "can be attached to different roots" "F", forming adverbs, and can have a strong ability of word-formation, the number of words constitute more than ten. From the perspective of the comparative study of synchronic and similar words, this paper sums up the similarities and differences between "different" words and "Mo" words in the following sentences, coexisting with other mood elements and co-existing with other adverbs.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：H146

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