本文關(guān)鍵詞：《儒林外史》動態(tài)助詞研究　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 《儒林外史》 動態(tài)助詞 語法格式 語法功能

【摘要】：《儒林外史》成書于乾隆年間，是清代中葉帶有江淮方言色彩的一部白話小說，它較高程度的口語化水平反映了當(dāng)時的語言面貌和特征，具有較高的研究價值。關(guān)于《儒林外史》中的虛詞研究，雖然取得了一定的成果，但是主要集中在介詞或者助動詞兩個方面。當(dāng)前還未有對《儒林外史》中的動態(tài)助詞進行一個全面系統(tǒng)的描寫與研究。本文以《儒林外史》中的動態(tài)助詞“著”“了”“過”“得”“將”“取”“訖”“定”為研究對象，采用定量分析和三個平面的靜態(tài)描寫，共時與歷時相結(jié)合的方法對《儒林外史》中的動態(tài)助詞進行系統(tǒng)的研究。分析動態(tài)助詞出現(xiàn)的語法格式和所要表達的語法意義，通過歷時比較梳理出《儒林外史》所處時期動態(tài)助詞的語法特征和規(guī)律。全文共分為四個部分： 第一章緒論。包括介紹作者吳敬梓和《儒林外史》，本文選題的緣由和意義，《儒林外史》的語言研究概況以及本文的研究方法。 第二章動態(tài)助詞研究概況。包括對動態(tài)助詞的介紹和動態(tài)助詞的研究綜述。 第三章《儒林外史》中動態(tài)助詞的個體研究。首先是對“著”進行研究，從語法分布上看“著”主要跟在動詞之后，有的還可以跟在形容詞和介詞之后。主要的語法格式有“動+著+（賓語）”“動1+著+動2”，從語法意義上看“著”主要是表示動作的進行或持續(xù)，狀態(tài)的持續(xù)或存在�！度辶滞馐贰分械摹爸焙同F(xiàn)代漢語中的“著”差別不大。其次是對“了”進行研究，“了”主要的語法格式有“動+了+賓”，“了”的語法意義一個是表示動作的完成或?qū)崿F(xiàn)，一個是表示動作完成后持續(xù)的狀態(tài)�！傲恕钡挠梅ɑ旧虾同F(xiàn)代漢語“了”的用法一致。再次是對“過”的研究，“過”的語法格式主要有“動+過”“動+過+（了）+賓”，所要表達的語法意義有兩個：一個是表示動作的完成，一個是表示曾經(jīng)發(fā)生或有過這樣的事情。第四是對“得”的研究，“得”的語法結(jié)構(gòu)也主要是跟在動詞之后，，語法格式類型比較多樣，“得”的語法意義主要是表示動作的完成實現(xiàn)或者獲得結(jié)果。第五是對“將”的研究，“將”的語法格式比較單一，主要是“動+將+趨向補語”，語法功能主要有三種：一種是表示動作的動向，一種是表示動作完成或獲得結(jié)果，一種是表示動作或狀態(tài)的持續(xù)。第六是對“取”的研究，“取”在《儒林外史》中只有一例，表示動作的實現(xiàn)。第七是對“訖”“定”的研究，“訖”和“定”在《儒林外史》中的用法特別少，語法分布和語法功能比較單一。 第四章與現(xiàn)代漢語動態(tài)助詞進行歷時比較，通過比較梳理出《儒林外史》中動態(tài)助詞的特點。
[Abstract]:Written in the Qianlong period, it is a vernacular novel with the color of Jiang-Huai dialect in the middle of Qing Dynasty. Its high level of colloquial language reflects the language features and features at that time. It has higher research value. Although some achievements have been made in the study of function words in the History of Confucianism. But it mainly focuses on two aspects: preposition or auxiliary verb. At present, there has not been a comprehensive and systematic description and study of the dynamic auxiliary in the History of Confucianism. "after", "get" will "take" "determined" as the object of study. Quantitative analysis and static description of three planes are used. The synchronic and diachronic methods are used to systematically study the dynamic auxiliary words in the History of Confucianism. The grammatical format and the grammatical meaning of the dynamic auxiliary words are analyzed. Through the diachronic comparison, the grammatical features and rules of the dynamic auxiliary words in the period of "the History of Confucianism" are sorted out. The full text is divided into four parts: The first chapter introduces the author Wu Jingzi and the History of Confucianism, the reason and significance of this topic, the general situation of language research and the research methods of this paper. The second chapter is a survey of the research on dynamic auxiliary, including the introduction of dynamic auxiliary and the research of dynamic auxiliary. The third chapter is the individual study of dynamic auxiliary words in the History of Confucianism. The first part is the study of "Zhe", which is mainly followed by verbs from the perspective of grammatical distribution. Some can be followed by adjectives and prepositions. The main grammatical forms are "move (object)" and "move 1 move 2". In grammatical sense, "Zhe" mainly means the progress or continuation of the action. There is little difference between the "Zhe" in the History of Confucianism and the "Zhe" in modern Chinese. The second is the study of "already" and "the main grammatical forms are" "moving objects". One of the grammatical meanings of "already" is to indicate the completion or implementation of the action. One is the continuous state of the action after completion. The usage of "already" is basically the same as that of the modern Chinese. The second is the study of "over". There are two grammatical meanings to be expressed in the grammatical format of "Yu": one is to indicate the completion of the action. 4th is a study of "de", and the grammatical structure of "de" is mainly followed by verbs. The grammatical meaning of "de" is mainly to indicate the completion of the action or to obtain the result. 5th is the study of "general". The grammatical form of "Da" is relatively simple, mainly "the verb will tend to complement". There are three main grammatical functions: one is to indicate the movement of the action, the other is to indicate the completion or the result of the action, the other is to indicate the continuance of the action or state. 6th is the study of "take". There is only one example of "taking" in "the History of Confucianism", indicating that the realization of action. 7th is the study of "Ji" and "fixed", and the usage of "Ji" and "Ding" in "History of Confucianism" is especially rare. The grammatical distribution and grammatical function are relatively single. Chapter 4th makes a diachronic comparison with modern Chinese dynamic auxiliary words, and combs out the characteristics of dynamic auxiliary words in the History of Confucianism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：H146

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