本文關鍵詞：淺析中國當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的意義，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。

        “現(xiàn)實主義”一詞最早出現(xiàn)在法國的文學作品中，后來又被拓展到整個造型藝術領域中，并最終在19世紀30年代的法國以一場空前規(guī)模的現(xiàn)實主義美術運動為起點，正式成為藝術領域中一座跨時代的里程碑。但直到上世紀20年代開始，西方現(xiàn)實主義才以雕塑的形式涌入中國，在中國也已有百年的歷史。在這百年的滄桑中，現(xiàn)實主義雕塑與整個中國的特定社會環(huán)境，與本土人們的特殊精神風貌和生活狀態(tài)始終發(fā)生著聯(lián)系，并在不同的歷史時期發(fā)揮著重要的作用。本文從現(xiàn)實主義到現(xiàn)實主義雕塑都進行了重點的分析與研究，以此來闡述中國當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的重要性及其現(xiàn)實意義。說到現(xiàn)實主義，其在中國的傳統(tǒng)文化中運用現(xiàn)實主義思想也創(chuàng)作出了許多優(yōu)秀的作品，例如北宋時期畫家張擇端的《清明上河圖》等都是以現(xiàn)實生活為依據(jù)創(chuàng)作出來的。20世紀初，中國第一代雕塑家留學法國，幾年后他們學成歸來，并帶回了西方以寫實手法為主的雕塑創(chuàng)作方法。從此，以寫實為主的現(xiàn)實主義雕塑在20世紀的中國迅速得到發(fā)展。本文從現(xiàn)實主義的概念談起進而延伸到現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的淵源，從西方現(xiàn)實主義雕塑到上世紀中國現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的發(fā)展歷程，可謂以歷史為線索，以事實為導向，重在闡述現(xiàn)實主義對中國雕塑的重大影響�；赝蟼�世紀初到1949年的那個動蕩年代，這時現(xiàn)實主義雕塑在中國發(fā)展的第一個階段，那時整個中國都處在兵荒馬亂的環(huán)境中，在這種特殊的情況下，有志的藝術青年大都放棄了個人思想情感在藝術上的表達，紛紛動員廣大的人民群眾組織成浩大的抗戰(zhàn)洪流，并義不容辭的投入到這洪流中來；同時另一方面，由于處于戰(zhàn)亂中的人們，也急需從藝術中獲得精神的慰藉和心靈的鼓舞，因此能直接反映人民現(xiàn)實生活，又容易被群眾理解的寫實主義藝術，便成為藝術家共同的選擇,隨即這一藝術形式的雕塑作品就如同雨后春筍般紛紛涌現(xiàn)出來。1949年到1978年間，是現(xiàn)實主義雕塑在中國發(fā)展的第二個階段，新中國剛剛成立，百廢待興，蘇聯(lián)的帶有社會主義性質(zhì)的現(xiàn)實主義雕塑被引進過來，用來體現(xiàn)人們在革命戰(zhàn)爭年代里的艱苦歲月和犧牲精神，反映革命和建設中的斗爭歷程和現(xiàn)實生活。因此，可以說在時代的推動下，現(xiàn)實主義成為當時中國美術界的主流思潮，這是特定時期的歷史使然。80年代以后,改革開發(fā)的經(jīng)濟方針使中國的經(jīng)濟得到迅猛發(fā)展，現(xiàn)實主義雕塑也告別以往為政治服務，為意識形態(tài)服務的模式，開始回到雕塑自身，進行審美規(guī)律的探索，在雕塑形式和雕塑語言上求新求變，進行大膽的探索和突破。這一時期的雕塑領域面臨著倆大挑戰(zhàn)，一方面是國外：由于改革開放和經(jīng)濟全球化，使國與國之間在文化上的交流日益頻繁，網(wǎng)絡、媒體等傳播方式的便捷更加速了藝術家之間的交流互動。西方國家的現(xiàn)代藝術的各種風格形式?jīng)坝堪愕倪M入中國當代藝術中，一部分雕塑家為了雕塑外在形式上的“新”，為了與西方當代藝術的“接軌”，開始對西方國家已有雕塑樣式的照抄，照搬。使中國當代雕塑藝術失去了本土的文化語境，喪失了自己的話語權，使中國當代雕塑藝術在文化上處于了一種后殖民文化的狀態(tài)；另外一方面的挑戰(zhàn)是國內(nèi)：中國實行改革開放之后，市場經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展，使中國進入了消費主義時代，大眾文化迅速得到傳播，體現(xiàn)在雕塑上就是“商業(yè)化”，雕塑作品被大量的復制，作為商品進行消費，使當代雕塑失去了文化內(nèi)涵的根基，遠離了社會環(huán)境，與人民大眾的心聲審美水平越來越遠，只是停留在表面的刺激，當代雕塑作品變得單調(diào)、乏味、平庸。在這樣的環(huán)境下，迫使我們不得不去思考和回答這樣一個問題，那就是在當今中國或在當今世界,現(xiàn)實主義雕塑還有沒有被接納、生存和發(fā)展的空間？在今天或在未來，現(xiàn)實主義雕塑還有沒有審美的意義與價值？現(xiàn)實主義雕塑如何面對當下的、社會的、民族的中國問題，這是當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑家急切需要思考的問題。值得欣喜的是，大部分現(xiàn)實主義雕塑家開始自覺地關注當代社會，對各種社會現(xiàn)象進行文化思考，關注當代社會的變化和各種問題，強調(diào)作品的觀念性和現(xiàn)實針對性，揭示和思考當代人的精神狀況，表達藝術家的人文關懷。本文結合幾位當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑家對于生活的關注、對于社會的干預以及他們的作品所傳達出的精神意義進行具體的分析研究，，旨在表明當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的重要性。從當代性、社會性、地域性三個不同的角度去分析闡述中國當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的意義與價值。鼓勵當代雕塑家們對于社會現(xiàn)實與真實問題的關注，對于人的生存境遇和精神狀態(tài)的關注，呼吁雕塑家真正擔當起肩上的道義、責任和良知。本文的研究意義在于，期望我們的雕塑家和藝術評論家一起努力，為中國的當代藝術建立起一套屬于自己的關于當代藝術理論與批評的規(guī)范體系，從而使藝術理論對藝術實踐起到應有的規(guī)范引導作用，進而使我們當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑家能夠用自己的作品實現(xiàn)與西方國家真正平等的對話。最終使中國當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的道路走的更遠。

    “The realism” a word appears most early in France’s literary work, afterwards isdeveloped in the entire plastic arts domain, and finally in the19th century30’s Francetake an unprecedented scale realism fine arts movement as the beginning, becomes inofficially the artistic domain a cross time milestone. But starts until on century20’s,Western realism only then inrushes China by the sculpture form, also had hundredyears history in China. In these hundred years vicissitudes, the realism sculpture andthe entire China’s specific social environment, is having the relation throughout withthe native place people’s special energetic style and the life condition, and is playingthe vital role in the different historical period. This article has all carried on the keyanalysis and the research from the realism to the realism sculpture, elaborates theChinese present age realism sculpture importance and the practical significance bythis.Speaks of the realism, it utilized the realism thought in China’s traditional culturealso to create many outstanding works, for example Northern Song Dynasty timepainter Zhang Zhaiduan "In Pure Brightness River Chart" and so on all was createstake the real life as the basis. At the beginning of the20th century, the Chinese firstgeneration of sculptors study abroad France, after several years they study become thereturn, and has brought back to the Western practical technique primarily sculpturecreation method. Henceforth, practicalizes the primarily realism sculpture to obtainthe development rapidly in the20th century China. This article mentions from therealism concept then extends to the realism sculpture origin, from the Western realismsculpture to on century China realism sculpture development course, it may be saidtake the history as the clue, take the fact as the guidance, again in elaboration realismto Chinese sculpture significant influence. Returned looks at the beginning of acentury to1949that turbulent age, by now realism sculpture the first stage whichdeveloped in China, the entire China all occupied at that time in the turmoil of warenvironment, in this kind of special situation, the artistic youth who was ambitiousgave up individual thought emotion mostly in the artistic expression, mobilized the general people to organize the vast Sino-Japanese War mighty current in abundance,and bounden investment to this mighty current in; On the other hand simultaneously,because is in the chaos caused by war people, also urgently needs from art to obtainthe spiritual consoling with the mind inspiration, therefore can reflect the people’s reallife directly, also easily the realism art which was understood by the populace, thenbecomes the artist common choice, this artistic form sculpture work in abundanceemerges immediately on the like mushroom growth.From1949to1978, was therealism sculpture the second stage which developed in China, new China just wasfounded, have a hundred things to do, Soviet Union had the socialism nature realismsculpture to introduce, used for to manifest people’s in revolutionary war age difficultyears and the sacrifice spirit, reflected revolutionized and constructs the strugglecourse and the real life. Therefore, may say under the time impetus, the realismbecame at that time the Chinese fine arts mainstream ideological trend, this was thespecific time history makes to cause to so.After80’s, the reform development economical policy enable China’s economyto obtain the swift and violent development, the realism sculpture also said goodbyeformerly serves for politics, served the pattern for the ideology, started to return tosculpture oneself, carried on the esthetic rule the exploration, asked in the sculptureform and the sculpture language to strive for to change newly, carries on the boldexploration and the breakthrough. This time sculpture domain faces the pairs tochallenge greatly, on the one hand is overseas: As a result of the reform and openpolicy and the economical globalization, cause between the country and the countryare day by day frequent in the cultural exchange, dissemination ways and so onnetwork, media convenient have accelerated between artist’s exchange interaction.Western nation modern art each kind of style form turbulent enters in the Chinesepresent age art, part of sculptors for sculpture external form in “new”, for with theWestern present age art “the trail connection”, starts to the Western country to havesculpture style copying verbatim, the copy. Caused the Chinese present age sculptureart to lose the native place cultural linguistic environment, has lost own words power,caused the Chinese present age sculpture art to be at one kind after the culture to colonize cultural the condition; On the one hand moreover the challenge is domestic:After China implements the reform and open policy, the market economydevelopment, caused China to enter the expense principle time, the mass cultureobtained the dissemination rapidly, manifested in the sculpture is “thecommercialization”, the sculpture work by the massive duplications, is carried on asthe commodity the expense, caused the contemporary sculpture to lose the culturalconnotation foundation, has been far away the social environment, was more andmore far with masses’ aspiration esthetic level, only was pauses in the superficialstimulation, the contemporary sculpture work becomes monotonous, is tasteless, ismediocre.This article unifies several contemporary realism sculptor regarding the lifeattention, the energetic significance which transmits regarding society’s interventionas well as their work conducts the concrete analysis research, is for the purpose ofindicating the contemporary realism sculpture the importance.From the present age,the sociality, the regional three different angles analyze elaborate the Chinese presentage realism sculpture significance and the value. Encouragement present age sculptorsregarding society realistic and real question attention, regarding human’s survivalcircumstances and the state of mind attention, appealed the sculptor takes in shouldermorality and justice, the responsibility and the conscience truly.This article research significance lies in, expected we the sculptor and the artisticcritic together diligently, establish a set for China’s contemporary art to belong ownabout the contemporary art theory and the criticism standard system, thus causes theartistic theory the standard guidance function which practices to art should have, thenenables our present age realism sculptor to use own work realization and the Westerncountry true equality dialogue.Finally enable the Chinese present age realismsculpture the path to walk far.

淺析中國當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的意義

摘要4-7Abstract7-9引言11-12第一章 現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的歷程12-21    第一節(jié) 現(xiàn)實主義的概念12-14    第二節(jié) 現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的淵源14-16    第三節(jié) 現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的發(fā)展歷程16-21        （一）20 世紀初到 1949 年18-19        （二）49 年到 1978 年19-21第二章 中國當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的表現(xiàn)形式21-28    第一節(jié) 塑造生活21-24    第二節(jié) 精神寫實24-25    第三節(jié) 自我探索25-28第三章 中國當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的特征28-32    第一節(jié) 當代性28-29    第二節(jié) 社會性29-30    第三節(jié) 地域性30-32第四章 中國當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的重要性及雕塑家的重任32-36    第一節(jié) 社會環(huán)境32-34        （一）國內(nèi)32-33        （二）國外33-34    第二節(jié) 雕塑家的人文關懷34    第三節(jié) 雕塑文獻的理論支持34-36結論36-37參考文獻37-38后記38

  本文關鍵詞：淺析中國當代現(xiàn)實主義雕塑的意義，由筆耕文化傳播整理發(fā)布。