本文選題：半島電視臺　切入點(diǎn)：Witness　出處：《西北師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：當(dāng)今社會正處在一個充滿風(fēng)險和未知的時期，一系列天災(zāi)人禍?zhǔn)沟萌藗儗γ襟w的依賴度越來越高。與此同時，因為西方媒體在全球具有的主導(dǎo)性話語優(yōu)勢，這使得人們的世界觀很容易被這些帶有“西方視角”的“霸權(quán)媒體”所規(guī)訓(xùn)，繼而對西方文化產(chǎn)生認(rèn)同。 隨著一個“文化全球化”時代的到來，處在“世界邊緣”的地區(qū)也開始借助符碼表征展開了對文化領(lǐng)導(dǎo)權(quán)的爭奪。例如卡塔爾半島電視臺通過抓住歷史機(jī)遇，從而異軍突起，一舉成為世界三大電視臺之一，并宣稱為“失語者提供聲音”。雖然半島電視臺自詡為“公正和客觀”，但事實(shí)上，任何媒體都是某種文化的建構(gòu)物，其背后都隱藏著某種意識形態(tài)。近年來，學(xué)界開始普遍關(guān)注半島電視臺并不是僅僅因為它的“公正和客觀”，而是在探尋該臺背后的某種特定的“觀看世界的角度”。這樣的探尋以期為世界多元化做出貢獻(xiàn)，而這勢必也有利于公民社會的形成和“有機(jī)知識分子”的培養(yǎng)。 鑒于本世紀(jì)被譽(yù)為“一個適合兒童的世紀(jì)”，而半島電視臺正好有一檔收視率很高的紀(jì)錄片欄目——Witness（見證），該欄目作為一個平臺播出了從世界各地的獨(dú)立電影人中征集的紀(jì)錄片，這些影片涵蓋了奮斗和沖突等要素。值得一提的是在改版后的三年里共播出了180部影片，其中134集中有的以兒童為主角，有的雖以成人為主角，但是涉及他或她的童年，除此之外的其余影片中兒童永遠(yuǎn)處于一種在場的狀態(tài)。那么能否通過研究該節(jié)目中對兒童，這一最易被忽略的議題的媒介再現(xiàn)，探尋出關(guān)于該節(jié)目中的兒童議題再現(xiàn)機(jī)制，從而與其他大多數(shù)以新聞或女性為主體的研究形成區(qū)別，以揭示半島電視臺是從何種角度“觀看”世界的呢？ 本研究運(yùn)用修辭學(xué)、媒介框架等理論對2010-2012年Witness中的紀(jì)錄片進(jìn)行內(nèi)容分析并輔以影像分析，發(fā)現(xiàn)半島電視臺Witness這一節(jié)目經(jīng)由限制性視角的立場建構(gòu)、涵蓋主題的個人與社會的二元沖突建構(gòu)、敘事結(jié)構(gòu)的戲劇化和模式化建構(gòu)、所持態(tài)度的悲觀基調(diào)建構(gòu)、發(fā)生地域的認(rèn)同空間建構(gòu)、內(nèi)容來源的精英視角建構(gòu)這六方面建構(gòu)了一整套關(guān)于兒童議題的影片框架，在這一框架中，兒童作為一種修辭資源被表征為“可憐”和“無助”，以及一群權(quán)利遭到侵犯的群體，繼而該節(jié)目制造出觀眾對兒童的同情，由此形成一個無限循環(huán)的螺旋機(jī)制。即通過節(jié)目中的兒童來制造苦難——人們因為兒童遭遇的風(fēng)險和未知而被制造出同情——收視率提高，然后繼續(xù)制造苦難……如此周而復(fù)始，于是半島電視臺越加壯大。由于近年來卡塔爾在地區(qū)外交方面表現(xiàn)突出，輔以半島電視臺對卡塔爾政府的“真空報道”，，卡塔爾的政治的地區(qū)力量得以加強(qiáng)。 Witness雖然自詡為客觀公正，為世界提供了一個不同于西方的“替代性公共領(lǐng)域”。但同時，也巧妙地借助孩子這一修辭資源，來實(shí)現(xiàn)卡塔爾的政治目的。而這些孩子作為“他者”，依舊是“失語者”，也依舊活在“一個適合成人的世界”里。
[Abstract]:In today's society is in a risky and unknown period, a series of natural calamities and man-made misfortunes makes people to the media is increasingly dependent. At the same time, because the dominant discourse in the world has the advantage of Western media, which makes people's world view is easy with these "Western perspective" and "media hegemony" of the discipline then, identification of the western culture.
As a "cultural globalization" era, at the edge of the world area began with the code on the characterization of the cultural hegemony. Such as Al Jazeera through to seize the historic opportunity has become the world's three largest A new force suddenly rises., TV one, and declared that "aphasia provides voice" although al Jazeera claimed as "fair and objective", but in fact, any media are the construction of certain culture, which are hidden behind some ideology. In recent years, scholars began to concern the Al Jazeera and not just because it's "fair and objective", but in the search Taiwan behind certain "watching the world view". So in order to explore the contribution of diversification of the world, and this is also conducive to the formation of civil society and "organic intellectuals" culture Raise.
In view of this century is known as "a century for children", and Al Jazeera has a very high ratings documentary program -- Witness (witness), the program as a broadcast platform for independent filmmakers from around the world in the documentary, the film covers the struggle and conflict and other factors. It is worth mentioning that in the revision of three years after the broadcast a total of 180 films, 134 of which focus on some children as the protagonist, although some with adults as the protagonist, but to his or her childhood, in addition to the rest of the film and the other children in the distance to a permanent presence. Then through the study of the state can the program for children, the most easily neglected issues of media representation, to explore issues relating to children in the program, so as to form a reproduction mechanism, different from most other news or women as the main body of the study, in order to reveal From what angle is al Jazeera "watching" the world?
This research uses the framework of the theory of rhetoric, media content analysis and supplemented by image analysis of 2010-2012 years in the Witness documentary, construction of Al Jazeera Witness this program through the perspective of position limits, covering two yuan the theme of the conflict between the individual and the social construction, construction of drama and mode of narrative structure, construction pessimistic tone of attitude, identity of regional space construction, the view of elite content source construction of the six aspects to establish a set of issues about children's film framework, in this framework, children as a kind of rhetorical resources is characterized as "poor" and "helpless", and a group of rights violations group then, the program made the audience of children's sympathy, thus forming an infinite loop helix mechanism. Through the program for children to create misery -- that people. Risk and unknown encounter children be produced sympathy ratings improve, and then continue to create misery. So the cycle, and Al Jazeera increasingly stronger. In recent years, Qatar in regional diplomacy outstanding, with Al Jazeera to the government of Qatar "vacuum reports" political power in the region of Qatar is strengthened.
Although Witness claims to be objective and impartial, provides a different from the western "alternative public domain" to the world. But at the same time, also cleverly using the rhetorical resources to achieve the child, Qatar's political purpose. These children as "the other", is still the "Aphasia", still live in "a suitable adult world.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：G229.1;J905

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