本文選題：評(píng)價(jià)理論　切入點(diǎn)：態(tài)度資源　出處：《山東師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著大眾傳媒的蓬勃發(fā)展，電影產(chǎn)業(yè)迎來(lái)了嶄新的時(shí)代。與此同時(shí)，作為與電影緊密相關(guān)的一種評(píng)價(jià)文體，影評(píng)具有重要的研究?jī)r(jià)值并且引起了越來(lái)越多的關(guān)注。一方面，觀眾可以利用影評(píng)來(lái)表達(dá)自己對(duì)電影以及電影中人物、情節(jié)等的感受和態(tài)度。另一方面，通過(guò)閱讀他人的影評(píng)，讀者既可以判斷某一部電影是否值得觀看，也可以學(xué)習(xí)如何理解和賞析該電影。另外，由于影評(píng)旨在分析和評(píng)價(jià)電影的審美價(jià)值和社會(huì)意義，這也就使得影評(píng)對(duì)于電影導(dǎo)演拓展視野并改善其作品起到了不容小覷的作用。由此可見(jiàn)，影評(píng)在電影藝術(shù)的發(fā)展與繁榮過(guò)程中扮演著重要的角色。然而目前，影評(píng)的質(zhì)量參差不齊，影評(píng)中相關(guān)評(píng)價(jià)資源的應(yīng)用仍然存在不規(guī)范的現(xiàn)象。因此，，研究如何利用各種評(píng)價(jià)資源寫(xiě)好影評(píng)以及如何從他人的影評(píng)中獲取有效的信息是十分重要而且必要的。 如上所述，影評(píng)是一種以評(píng)價(jià)資源為基礎(chǔ)的特殊的評(píng)價(jià)文體。評(píng)價(jià)是語(yǔ)言的基本功能之一，語(yǔ)言學(xué)家針對(duì)語(yǔ)言的評(píng)價(jià)功能開(kāi)展了大量的研究并提出了許多有價(jià)值的理論。其中，由馬丁和他的同事提出的評(píng)價(jià)理論贏得了廣泛的認(rèn)同。馬丁認(rèn)為評(píng)價(jià)理論包括三個(gè)子系統(tǒng)，即態(tài)度、介入和級(jí)差，并且以態(tài)度系統(tǒng)為核心。自創(chuàng)立以來(lái)，評(píng)價(jià)理論已被用于眾多文體的研究，這些研究進(jìn)一步發(fā)展了評(píng)價(jià)理論并取得了大量成果。然而，由于評(píng)價(jià)理論是一個(gè)相對(duì)新興的學(xué)科，所以它仍然存在一些局限和有待解決的問(wèn)題，例如，缺少具體的分類(lèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和統(tǒng)一的術(shù)語(yǔ)。另外，在評(píng)價(jià)理論的框架下對(duì)影評(píng)這一特殊的評(píng)價(jià)文體開(kāi)展的研究仍相對(duì)較少，因此，在評(píng)價(jià)理論視角下研究影評(píng)中的評(píng)價(jià)資源仍有較大的研究空間。 簡(jiǎn)言之，影評(píng)者在影評(píng)中會(huì)使用大量的評(píng)價(jià)資源，尤其是態(tài)度資源，而且在評(píng)價(jià)理論的框架下研究影評(píng)中的評(píng)價(jià)資源具有極其重要的價(jià)值。因此，本研究將以26篇《阿甘正傳》的影評(píng)為語(yǔ)料分析影評(píng)中的態(tài)度資源。 為了保證本研究的客觀性和有效性，作者在數(shù)據(jù)收集和分析的過(guò)程中綜合運(yùn)用了定量研究與定性研究的方法。作為本論文語(yǔ)料的26片影評(píng)均來(lái)自正規(guī)的網(wǎng)站，比如：http://www.mrqe.com/。通過(guò)使用定量研究方法，作者獲得了不同態(tài)度資源在影評(píng)中分布情況的相關(guān)數(shù)據(jù)。通過(guò)使用定性研究方法，作者將對(duì)所收集的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析。在定量研究與定性研究的基礎(chǔ)上，本論文將提出一套關(guān)于使用和鑒賞影評(píng)中態(tài)度資源的相對(duì)完整的模型。 本論文旨在解決這樣幾個(gè)問(wèn)題：情感、判斷和鑒賞三類(lèi)態(tài)度資源在影評(píng)中的分布情況是怎么樣的？影評(píng)人如何利用不同類(lèi)型的態(tài)度資源評(píng)價(jià)電影中的人物、演職人員、情節(jié)與場(chǎng)景等方面內(nèi)容的？另外，態(tài)度資源是如何在影評(píng)中實(shí)現(xiàn)其人際功能的？本研究的主要目標(biāo)是建立一套關(guān)于如何使用和鑒賞影評(píng)中的態(tài)度資源的相對(duì)系統(tǒng)的模型。 為了使本文的研究更加符合邏輯，作者首先在第二章對(duì)評(píng)價(jià)理論的國(guó)內(nèi)外研究進(jìn)行了回顧，然后又介紹了以評(píng)價(jià)理論為基礎(chǔ)對(duì)影評(píng)開(kāi)展的相關(guān)研究。第三章主要是為第五章具體分析語(yǔ)料做鋪墊，本章介紹了評(píng)價(jià)理論及其態(tài)度、級(jí)差和介入三個(gè)子系統(tǒng)。由于本研究主要針對(duì)影評(píng)中的態(tài)度資源，作者在本章中著重介紹了其中的態(tài)度系統(tǒng)。第四章介紹了本論文的研究過(guò)程及所采用的研究方法，并且對(duì)本研究的所選用的語(yǔ)料進(jìn)行了詳細(xì)介紹。接下來(lái)，作者在第五章中從以下幾個(gè)方面對(duì)所選影評(píng)中的態(tài)度資源進(jìn)行了分析：整體評(píng)價(jià)中的態(tài)度資源，情節(jié)與場(chǎng)景評(píng)價(jià)中的態(tài)度資源，人物評(píng)價(jià)中的態(tài)度資源以及演職人員評(píng)價(jià)中的態(tài)度資源。最后，在第六章中作者總結(jié)了本研究的相關(guān)成果，并且指出了存在的不足。 在對(duì)相關(guān)語(yǔ)料進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究之后，作者得出以下結(jié)論。首先，影評(píng)者通常會(huì)從電影整體、情節(jié)與場(chǎng)景、人物及演員幾方面對(duì)電影進(jìn)行評(píng)論。其次，在對(duì)電影的不同方面進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)時(shí)，影評(píng)者對(duì)于態(tài)度資源的選用也有所不同。整體評(píng)價(jià)以及對(duì)情節(jié)和場(chǎng)景的評(píng)價(jià)中會(huì)較多使用情感和鑒賞資源，而在對(duì)人物和演職人員的評(píng)價(jià)中，影評(píng)者則會(huì)選用較多判斷資源。再次，不同的態(tài)度資源在影評(píng)中的分布情況存在差異。鑒賞資源出現(xiàn)的最多，多被用在整體評(píng)價(jià)及對(duì)情節(jié)和場(chǎng)景的評(píng)價(jià)中；由于情感資源含有較高的主觀性，因此情感資源在影評(píng)中出現(xiàn)的頻率最低，而且主要被用在整體評(píng)價(jià)中；由于判斷資源只能用來(lái)評(píng)價(jià)人物及其行為，判斷資源只在對(duì)人物和演職人員的評(píng)價(jià)中出現(xiàn)。最終，作者發(fā)現(xiàn)影評(píng)中不同類(lèi)型的態(tài)度資源可以實(shí)現(xiàn)不同的人際功能。 雖然本論文挑選了26篇影評(píng)，但語(yǔ)料仍然相對(duì)有限，所得數(shù)據(jù)不可能百分之百準(zhǔn)確。但是所得結(jié)果還是大體能反映所期待之結(jié)果，本文還有尚待改進(jìn)的地方。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of mass media, the film industry ushered in a new era. At the same time, as a kind of evaluation style is closely related with the film critic, has important research value and has attracted more and more attention. On the one hand, the audience can express themselves on the film and the characters in the film, the film plot and feeling attitude. On the other hand, through reading other reviews, readers can judge whether a movie is worth watching, can also learn how to understand and appreciate the film. In addition, due to the analysis and evaluation of the film's aesthetic value and social significance, this also makes the film for the film director to expand their horizons and improve their work has played a role can not be underestimated. Thus, film plays an important role in the development and prosperity of film art. However, the quality of the film parameters The application of relevant evaluation resources in film reviews is still irregular. Therefore, it is very important and necessary to study how to use various evaluation resources to write good reviews and how to get effective information from others' reviews.
As mentioned above, a critic is to evaluate the resources based on the special evaluation style. Evaluation is one of the basic functions of language, linguists on the linguistic evaluation function to carry out a lot of research and put forward many valuable theories. Among them, proposed by Martin and his colleagues evaluation theory has gained wide acceptance Martin thinks that appraisal theory includes three subsystems, namely, attitude, engagement and graduation, and the attitude system as the core. Since its inception, the appraisal theory has been applied in the study of many styles, these research on the further development of the evaluation theory and great achievements have been gained. However, because of the appraisal theory is a relatively new discipline. So it still has some limitations and problems to be solved, for example, the lack of specific classification criteria and unified terminology. In addition, in the framework of the appraisal theory of this special film There are still relatively few studies on the development of evaluation style. Therefore, there is still a lot of space to study the evaluation resources of the review in the perspective of evaluation theory.
In a nutshell, film critics will use a lot of appraisal resources in the film, especially the attitude resources, but also in the framework of the appraisal theory of appraisal resources in the reviews is extremely important value. Therefore, this study will be the 26 "Agam Gump > critic for data analysis in the reviews of attitudinal resources.
In order to ensure the objectivity and validity of the study, the author in the process of data collection and analysis using the method of quantitative research and qualitative research. This paper reviews as 26 pieces of data are from the regular website, for example: http://www.mrqe.com/. through the use of quantitative research methods, the author obtained the relevant data of different attitudinal resources distribution in the film. By using the method of qualitative research, the author will analyze the collected data. Based on the quantitative research and qualitative research, this paper will put forward a set of evaluation on the use and appreciation of shadow of attitudinal resources in a relatively complete model.
This paper aims to solve such problems: affect, judgment and appreciation of the distribution of three kinds of attitude resources in the film is how? How to use the attitude of critic resource evaluation in different types of movie characters, presenters, plots and scenes etc? In addition, attitude resources is how to realize the interpersonal function in the movie? The main goal of this research is to establish a relative system about how to use and appreciation of critics of attitudinal resources in the model.
In order to make the research more logical, the author in the second chapter of the domestic and foreign research evaluation theory are reviewed, and then introduces the evaluation theory on the basis of relevant research review carried out. The third chapter is to pave the way for the fifth chapter of data analysis, this chapter introduces the evaluation theory and attitude, graduation and in three subsystems. Because this research mainly aims at the film attitude resources, in this chapter the author mainly introduces the attitude system of them. The fourth chapter introduces the research process of this paper and the research method of this study, and the selected corpus are introduced in detail. Then, the author the fifth chapter from the following aspects of the selected film attitude resources are analyzed: the overall evaluation of the attitude resources, plots and scenes in the evaluation of attitude resources, evaluation of the characters Attitude resources and the attitude resources in the evaluation of the staff. Finally, in the sixth chapter, the author summarizes the relevant achievements of this study and points out the shortcomings.
After the systematic study of the relevant data, the author draws the following conclusions. First, critics usually from movies, plot and scene, several characters and actors to comment on the film. Secondly, evaluation in different aspects of the film, the film critic for attitude resources and overall evaluation is also different. Evaluation of the plot and scene will use more emotion and appreciation resources, and in the evaluation of the characters and the cast and crew of film critics will choose more judgment resources. Thirdly, there are different distribution of attitudinal resources in the film differences. Most appreciation resources appear, is used in the overall evaluation and the evaluation of the plot and scene; because of the emotional resources with high subjectivity, therefore appeared in the film the emotional resources to the lowest frequency, and is mainly used in the overall evaluation of the judgement resources; It can only be used to evaluate characters and their behaviors, and to identify resources only in the evaluation of personas and performance personnel. Finally, the author finds that different types of attitudinal resources in film reviews can achieve different interpersonal functions.
Although 26 papers have been selected, the corpus is still relatively limited, and the data can not be one hundred percent accurate. However, the results generally reflect the expected results. There are still some areas for improvement.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：J905

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