1. Introduction介紹

在過(guò)去的幾年里，金融危機(jī)席卷全球，世界各地的金融體系的國(guó)家經(jīng)受住了嚴(yán)峻的考驗(yàn)。在世界范圍內(nèi)，雖然德國(guó)在這次危機(jī)中受到較大沖擊，但在一般情況下，，德國(guó)的金融體系尚未從根本上破壞了金融市場(chǎng)仍然處于穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)。這是因?yàn)�，目前，德�?guó)有一個(gè)在金融體系相對(duì)獨(dú)特，它是一個(gè)全能銀行主導(dǎo)的金融體系，這是德國(guó)經(jīng)濟(jì)的穩(wěn)定發(fā)展做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。通過(guò)發(fā)現(xiàn)德國(guó)的銀行體系以及與其他金融體系比較的發(fā)展，我們?cè)噲D找到什么是全能銀行系統(tǒng)中是唯一的，如果這個(gè)系統(tǒng)的成功可以模仿中國(guó)。In the past few years , the financial crisis sweeping the globe , countries around the world financial system has withstood the severe test . Worldwide , although Germany be hit in the crisis , but in general , the German financial system has not been fundamentally undermine the financial markets still remain in a stable state . This is because, at present, Germany has a relatively unique in the financial system, it is a universal banking dominated financial system, which is a stable development of the German economy has made tremendous contributions. By discovering the development of German banking system and comparison with other financial systems, we attempt to find what is unique at the universal banking system, and if the success of this system can be imitated China .

First, we need to understand the definition of universal banking. Universal Banking originated in Germany, initially, it is the concept of the German banking industry classification , but in modern financial , its meaning is beyond the scope of statistical concepts, evolved into a banking business model . It is not only the business of banking but also engage in securities, insurance, financial derivatives and other new financial services business. Some also hold equity of non-financial enterprises, generalized universal bank includes commercial banks and investment banks and insurance companies together with the non-financial corporate shareholders; narrow universal bank mainly refers to all financial businesses to engage in banking . (Gourvish, 1994)

Then, if China intends to draw on universal banking system, we need to recall the German banking industry in its development process which has experienced setbacks, these experiences and lessons can help us avoid making the same mistakes? Whether China has the ability to develop universal banking system？

The development of banking in Germany company with the national industrial production development in mid nineteenth Century. In the early stages, various banks in Germany, has a specific focus on business areas, but as time goes on ,in the development process, the business scope of different banks began to cross, and eventually developed into the current state of integrated management. Among them, the universal banking services to the public supply, but also supplemented by a series of specialized banks and special credit institutions. In order to provide short-term loans and transaction services to merchants, Germany from 1835 began to appear more concentrated banking and financial system, but in the mid-19th century is still relatively primitive, one of the few private banks, and the lack of large-scale Bank.
This situation has been changed in 1846,this year, the Prussian government changed the Royal Bank of Berlin to the Prussian bank and gives it power to issue paper money, which marks the German bank towards the modern direction. 1850s, when Germany is in a period of rapid industrial rise, not only on the corporate bank loans, but also on corporate investment. One of the typical was bank funding for the railway, and simultaneously sent to important positions, the way these banks and enterprises cooperation, opened the prelude to the German universal banks.  (Braun,1990) .
 

2. Literature Review文獻(xiàn)綜述

3 . Research Design and Methodology研究方法設(shè)計(jì)
From the above analysis we see that universal banking is the trend in the banking sector development. Now, compared to European and American developed countries, China's financial system is not perfect, if we learn from the German experience in the development of a universal bank, will bring a lot of help to China's economic development and the improvement of the financial system. In the essay , we will give a detailed analysis of the development of several famous German universal banks, such as Deutsche Bank and Commerzbank. Then, through the interpretation of recent changes in China's economic policy and the development of China's banking sector to analyze the feasibility of universal banking system in China .

REFERENCE:參考文獻(xiàn)

Braun, H . (1990). The German economy in the twentieth century. London : Routledge.
Berghahn, V. (1982). Modern Germany: society, economy and politics in the twentieth century. Cambridge : Cambridge University Press 
Canals, J . (1997). Universal banking: international comparisons and theoretical perspectives . Oxford : Oxford University Press 
Gourvish, T. R and Teichova, A （1994）.Universal banking in the twentieth century: finance, industry and the state in North and Central Europe .Brookfield : Edward Elgar .
Krahnen, P; Schmidt, H . (2004) .The German financial system .Oxford : Oxford University Press .
Overy, R; Ogilvie, S . (2003) .Germany: a new social and economic history, Vol. 3, Since 1800. London : Arnold .
Robert,J;Bennett,G;Horst,Z . (1990). Local economic development in Britain and Germany. London : Anglo-German Foundation .
Saez, L.(2002) .Banking reform in India and China. Basingstoke : Palgrave 
Saunders, A and Walter, I. (1993) .Universal banking in the United States: what could we gain? What could we lose? Oxford : Oxford University Press.
Tony , J. (2007) .Postwar: A History of Europe Since 1945 . London : Pimlico .
Wood, E. and Capie, F .(1986) .Financial crises and the world banking system
London : Macmillan in association with Centre for Banking and International Finance, City University .

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