本文選題：抑制 + 工作記憶容量�。� 參考：《揚(yáng)州大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：在信息加工過程中,加工者不僅需要聚焦于目標(biāo)信息,而且必須要抑制無關(guān)信息的干擾,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)對目標(biāo)信息的準(zhǔn)確有效的加工。工作記憶的一個主要功能就是保持相關(guān)信息,抑制無關(guān)信息。抑制是工作記憶的一個重要機(jī)制。本文綜述了近年來在工作記憶抑制機(jī)制及語言理解各個方面的研究,結(jié)合兩個實(shí)驗(yàn)對工作記憶抑制機(jī)制對第二語言句法歧義句理解的影響進(jìn)行研究,分析影響第二語言句法歧義句理解的因素,以揭示工作記憶抑制機(jī)制在語言理解中的重要作用。本研究擬解決的研究問題如下:1.工作記憶容量的差異影響第二語言(英語)句法歧義句的理解嗎?2.工作記憶抑制機(jī)制對第二語言(英語)句法歧義句的理解有何影響?3.工作記憶容量和抑制機(jī)制在第二語言(英語)句法歧義句理解中存在何種關(guān)系?本研究包括兩個實(shí)驗(yàn)。第一個實(shí)驗(yàn)是對被試進(jìn)行閱讀廣度測驗(yàn),根據(jù)測驗(yàn)分?jǐn)?shù)篩選出兩組,共30人,為第二個實(shí)驗(yàn)做準(zhǔn)備。第二個實(shí)驗(yàn)是正式實(shí)驗(yàn),根據(jù)實(shí)驗(yàn)一篩選出的兩組,參照Kemper(2004)等人的材料,編寫材料,借助DMDX測試軟件進(jìn)行試驗(yàn)。主要發(fā)現(xiàn)如下:首先,工作記憶能力的差異影響中國第二語言學(xué)習(xí)者的句法歧義句子理解。高工作記憶容量組在句法歧義句和相應(yīng)的非歧義的控制句的理解過程中沒有顯著性差異。而低工作記憶容量組在句法歧義句與相應(yīng)的非歧義的控制句的理解判斷的錯誤分?jǐn)?shù)上存在顯著性差異。其次,在對句法歧義句的理解過程中,具有更高工作記憶能力的參與者更好地抑制了不相關(guān)的干擾信息。抑制機(jī)制被高度激活,有效地抑制或刪除了無關(guān)信息,提高了句子理解的效率。而由于工作記憶能力低的參與者的工作記憶受限,在對句法歧義句的理解過程中,抑制機(jī)制難以被激活,導(dǎo)致對句子的理解效率低下。最后,在第二語言(英語)句法歧義句理解中,工作記憶容量和抑制機(jī)制呈顯著正相關(guān)。具有工作記憶能力高的學(xué)習(xí)者,其工作記憶中的抑制機(jī)制容易被激活,來促進(jìn)其語言的加工。在本論文末尾提出了本研究對英語教學(xué)的意義,加強(qiáng)人們對英語歧義句的重視,并希望為今后的學(xué)習(xí)和教學(xué)提供一些啟示,為學(xué)生進(jìn)一步學(xué)習(xí)和運(yùn)用英語打好基礎(chǔ)。
[Abstract]:In the process of information processing, the processor not only needs to focus on the target information, but also must restrain the interference of irrelevant information in order to realize the accurate and effective processing of the target information. One of the main functions of working memory is to keep relevant information and suppress irrelevant information. Inhibition is an important mechanism of working memory. This paper reviews the recent studies on the mechanism of working memory suppression and language understanding, and studies the effects of working memory inhibition on the comprehension of second language syntactic ambiguity sentences. In order to reveal the important role of working memory inhibition mechanism in language comprehension, this paper analyzes the factors that affect the understanding of syntactic ambiguity sentences in second language. The research problems to be solved in this study are as follows: 1. Does the difference in working memory capacity affect the understanding of syntactic ambiguity in second language (English)? The influence of working memory inhibition on the comprehension of second language (English) syntactic ambiguity. What is the relationship between working memory capacity and inhibition mechanism in the comprehension of second language (English) syntactic ambiguity? This study includes two experiments. The first experiment was to test the reading span of the subjects. According to the test scores, two groups of 30 people were selected to prepare for the second experiment. The second experiment is a formal experiment. According to the two groups selected from the first experiment and referring to the materials of Kemper 2004 et al, the material is compiled and tested with the help of DMDX test software. The main findings are as follows: first, differences in working memory affect Chinese second language learners' syntactic ambiguity. There is no significant difference in the comprehension of syntactic ambiguous sentences and corresponding non-ambiguous control sentences in the group of high working memory capacity. However, there were significant differences in the error scores between syntactic ambiguous sentences and corresponding non-ambiguous control sentences in the low working memory capacity group. Secondly, in the process of understanding syntactic ambiguous sentences, participants with higher working memory ability can better suppress irrelevant interfering information. The inhibition mechanism is highly activated, effectively suppressing or deleting irrelevant information, and improving the efficiency of sentence understanding. However, due to the limited working memory of the participants with low working memory ability, it is difficult to activate the inhibition mechanism in the process of understanding syntactic ambiguous sentences, which leads to the inefficient understanding of sentences. Finally, there is a significant positive correlation between working memory capacity and inhibition mechanism in second language (English) syntactic ambiguity comprehension. For learners with high working memory ability, the inhibition mechanism in working memory is easily activated to facilitate their language processing. At the end of this thesis, the author points out the significance of this study in English teaching, strengthens people's attention to English ambiguous sentences, and hopes to provide some enlightenment for future learning and teaching, so as to lay a good foundation for students to learn and use English further.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：揚(yáng)州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H314.3

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