【摘要】：日語中的「ちょっと」一詞在辭典中有很多種含意，在會(huì)話中有很多種話語功能，對于非母語的日語學(xué)習(xí)者來說很難區(qū)分其中的曖昧性，對于教師的教學(xué)來說也很難跟學(xué)生解釋明白。因?yàn)椤袱沥绀盲取辜瓤梢员硎尽俺潭鹊汀保部梢员硎尽俺潭雀摺�，甚至可以表達(dá)程度副詞本身不常表達(dá)的用法，例如有時(shí)搭配否定，有時(shí)表達(dá)希求、有時(shí)作出評(píng)價(jià)，有時(shí)又下達(dá)命令。日語會(huì)話中頻繁出現(xiàn)「ちょっと」一詞，讓眾多非母語學(xué)習(xí)者感到費(fèi)解。筆者認(rèn)為根本原因是「ちょっと」的曖昧性。 很多語言學(xué)家認(rèn)為，只了解「ちょっと」的基本用法，而忽略其他用法也是造成理解困擾的原因。于是很多日語學(xué)習(xí)者很容易把「ちょっと」和「少し」「だいたい」等同，從而忽略了「ちょっと」程度副詞之外的用法。另外「ちょっと」是一個(gè)比較口語化，常常需要依附語境才能使用的一個(gè)詞，所以必須在自然的會(huì)話中去研究「ちょっと」，才能透徹地理解「ちょっと」其他多種功能和用法，而目前很多先行研究多停留在單個(gè)句子上面。 本文共分為四個(gè)部分。 第一部分是緒論。闡述了本文的國內(nèi)外研究現(xiàn)狀、研究目的與意義以及研究的范圍和方法。了解了國內(nèi)外學(xué)者對「ちょっと」及其曖昧性的研究近況和成果，也了解了其中的獨(dú)創(chuàng)性和不足之處。 第二部分是「ちょっと」的意義與話語功能。借助辭典對「ちょっと」進(jìn)行調(diào)查，得知「ちょっと」具有除了廣為人知的副詞詞性外，還具有感嘆詞的詞性。至于意義和用法，那就更加曖昧復(fù)雜，既可以表達(dá)“稍微、有點(diǎn)”，也可以表達(dá)“相當(dāng)、頗為”；既可以表示輕松心情做某事的“順便”，也可以接續(xù)否定“不太~”“難以~”。并基于先行研究，結(jié)合自身所學(xué)知識(shí)，對會(huì)話中「ちょっと」的話語功能進(jìn)行了分析和整理，總結(jié)為7種話語功能，分別是提醒、命令、依賴、勸誘、拒絕、意志和否定。筆者根據(jù)話語環(huán)境和說話人的說話方式，將它們分為兩大類：顯性話語功能和隱性功能，但不管是顯性功能還是隱性功能，都具有曖昧性，而且在根本上都是受到「ちょっと」作為程度副詞的基本用法的影響。 第三部分是「ちょっと」曖昧性的語用原因。利用語用學(xué)的理論知識(shí)，從含意、合作原則、禮貌原則、三個(gè)角度對「ちょっと」曖昧性的原因進(jìn)行探討。發(fā)現(xiàn)在日常的交際會(huì)話中，很多交際信息不是直接表達(dá)的，而是隱含的、間接的、曖昧模糊的。之所以如此，是因?yàn)榻浑H雙方在會(huì)話中都遵循了一定的會(huì)話原則：合作原則和禮貌原則。遵循合作原則就要求交際雙方共同配合才能相互理解對方話語的含意。遵循禮貌原則則彌補(bǔ)了合作原則的缺陷，也增加了雙方的好感，促進(jìn)交際順利進(jìn)行。 第四部分是「ちょっと」曖昧性的文化原因，也是本論文最重要的一部分。語言是社會(huì)文化的產(chǎn)物，離開文化視點(diǎn)研究語言就無法看到真正的語言。本章利用文化語言學(xué)理論，透過文化學(xué)視角從集團(tuán)意識(shí)、體察文化和獨(dú)特審美三個(gè)角度分析了以「ちょっと」為代表的曖昧表達(dá)產(chǎn)生的原因。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)日本人頻繁使用曖昧表達(dá)與日本人的集團(tuán)意識(shí)密不可分：獨(dú)特的地理環(huán)境、單一民族的歷史以及外來文化的影響都使得日本人在語言交際時(shí)能夠默契配合，再曖昧模糊的表達(dá)，雙方也能理解。體察文化則是導(dǎo)致日語曖昧表達(dá)的另一重要因素。地理和民族歷史的原因?qū)е氯毡旧鐣?huì)具有高度的“同質(zhì)性”，在一個(gè)高度同質(zhì)的社會(huì)里，彼此已經(jīng)足夠了解對方的行為習(xí)慣，，很多話語能省則省，崇尚沉默是金，之所以這樣，因?yàn)槿毡救酥g能夠做到以心傳心。而在“以心傳心”的背后，則是日本人對于美的追求。他們對“余情”與“和諧”的追求，使他們在語言交際時(shí)經(jīng)常使用曖昧的語言，通過委婉曖昧的表達(dá)，向?qū)Ψ絺鬟_(dá)想要表達(dá)的意思。一方面保持了語言的美感；另一方面也能夠顧忌他人感情，避免產(chǎn)生矛盾沖突，維護(hù)和諧的人際關(guān)系。通過本章的研究了解日本人偏愛使用「ちょっと」“曖昧表達(dá)”時(shí)的心理狀態(tài)。這對理解日本人的思維方式，指導(dǎo)我們順利地進(jìn)行跨文化交際、減少交際摩擦也具有一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 最后是結(jié)論部分，總結(jié)了本論文所論述的內(nèi)容、不足之處以及未來的研究課題和方向。
[Abstract]:There are many meanings in the dictionary in Japanese, and there are many kinds of discourse functions in the session. It is difficult to distinguish the ambiguity in the non-native Japanese learners. It is difficult to explain to the students for the teacher's teaching. Because the "baboon" can represent both the "to a low degree" and the "high degree", or even the usage that the degree adverb itself does not often express, for example, the collocation is sometimes negative, sometimes the expression of the expression is sometimes evaluated, and sometimes the order is issued. The term "baboon" frequently appears in Japanese conversation, which makes it difficult for many non-native learners to understand. The author holds that the root cause is ambiguous. Many linguists are of the view that only the basic usage of the "baboon" is known, and the neglect of other uses is also the cause of understanding. As a result, a lot of Japanese learners are very easy to equate the "baboon" and "less", and thus ignore the use of the degree adverbs of the" baboon's" degree. In addition, it is a kind of word which is more oral and often needs to be attached to the context. Therefore, it is necessary to study the other functions and use of the "one-to-one" in the course of nature. The law, and many of the first-of-the-art studies are on a single sentence The paper is divided into four parts. Part. First The part is the introduction. The present research status, the purpose and significance of the research and the research are set forth in this paper. The scope and method of the study are as follows: the research status and achievements of the scholars at home and abroad on the "The University of the Republic of China" and its ambiguous nature have been learned, and the originality in it is also known. and the second part is the "one-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the-the The meaning and the function of the discourse. With the help of the dictionary to carry on the investigation of the "The Republic of the Republic of the Republic of China", it is known that it has the exception of the well-known adverbs, but also There is an exclamation point. As for meaning and usage, it is more ambiguous and complicated, not only can express the "A little, a little.", but also can express the "quite, rather"; not only can express the "by the way" of the easy mood to do sth, but also can be connected with the negative "It's not-" to be difficult to-"and based on the preceding research, the knot In this paper, we analyze and sort out the function of the discourse in the session, which is a reminder, order, dependence, persuasion, rejection, will and negative. The author will, according to the discourse environment and the speaker's way of speaking, will They are divided into two categories: dominant discourse function and recessive function, but whether the explicit function or the recessive function They all have an ambiguity, and at all, they are subject to the degree of degree adverbs. The third part is the pragmatic reason of the ambiguous and ambiguous of the "Chinese and Chinese". The theoretical knowledge of pragmatics is from the meaning, On the basis of the principle of co-operation and the principle of politeness, the reason of the ambiguity of the "two-to-one" is discussed. It is found that in a daily communication session, many of the communication information is not directly expressed, but is implicit, indirect, and ambiguous. The reason of this is that the two parties have followed a certain principle of conversation in the conversation: the principle of cooperation and the principle of politeness. The principle of cooperation is that the two parties can cooperate with each other in order to understand the meaning of the other's words. The deficiency of the principle of cooperation is supplemented, and the goodwill of both parties is also increased. It is also the most important part of this paper. The language is the product of the social culture, and the study language from the cultural viewpoint can't see the true language. This chapter uses the theory of cultural linguistics, The reason of the ambiguous expression from the perspective of the group, the culture of the body and the unique aesthetic is analyzed from the perspective of the culture of culture. The study found that the Japanese people frequently used the ambiguous expression and the group consciousness of the Japanese. Indispensable: The unique geographical environment, the history of the single nation and the influence of the foreign culture make the Japanese have a tacit understanding in the language communication The expression of vague and ambiguous expression can also be understood by both parties. The culture of the body is another important factor that leads to the expression of Japanese ambiguity. The reason for geography and national history has led to a high "homogeneity" of Japanese society, and in a highly homogeneous society, each other already Enough to understand the behavior of the other party, many words can save, advocate silence is gold, the reason, because the Japanese can do the heart. And in the back of the "heart-to-heart", it is the Japanese for the beauty of the pursuit. They are to the "Yu Yi" and the "trunk>" haarmon The pursuit of " makes them use an ambiguous language in language communication, and convey the meaning of the meaning to each other through the expression of euphemism. On the one hand, the aesthetic feeling of the language is maintained; on the other hand, it is also possible to scruple others." The study of this chapter is to understand the state of mind when the Japanese prefer to use the "ambiguous expression". This is to understand the way of thinking in the Japanese and to guide me. The smooth conduct of cross-cultural communication and the reduction of communication It also has some practical significance. Finally, the conclusion is the summary of the content and the deficiency in this paper.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：H36

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前3條

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本文編號(hào)：2490577