【摘要】： 語(yǔ)言是人類社會(huì)中，傳達(dá)思想感情意志的主要手段。語(yǔ)法是語(yǔ)言的規(guī)律。各民族語(yǔ)言文化的差異，使對(duì)比語(yǔ)言學(xué)成了可能。日語(yǔ)和漢語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)法體系中，態(tài)是一個(gè)重要范疇，其中被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)占有重要地位，所以我認(rèn)為有必要對(duì)被動(dòng)態(tài)進(jìn)行研究。 本文以先行研究為基礎(chǔ)，從現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)出發(fā)，以被動(dòng)態(tài)為研究對(duì)象，從施事和受事是否為無(wú)生物或者有情物進(jìn)行分析，通過(guò)中日句子的對(duì)照，來(lái)考察中日被動(dòng)態(tài)的異同。 本文由六部分構(gòu)成。 第一部分是從被動(dòng)態(tài)研究的必要性出發(fā)，闡明了研究動(dòng)機(jī)和目的，并簡(jiǎn)單說(shuō)明研究的意義。 第二部分是先行研究。按照中國(guó)方面，日本方面，中日對(duì)照方面的順序，介紹了各個(gè)學(xué)派的研究，并簡(jiǎn)單歸納了其中不足之處。接著對(duì)本文所要論述的被動(dòng)態(tài)進(jìn)行了分類和限定，以及例句的出處。最后導(dǎo)入本文的立場(chǎng)和研究方法。 第三部分是從意義和文法表現(xiàn)方面，對(duì)中日兩國(guó)的被動(dòng)句分別進(jìn)行了分析。 第四和第五部分是具體研究部分。從意義和文法表現(xiàn)上對(duì)調(diào)查資料中的中日被動(dòng)句進(jìn)行了對(duì)比研究，找出其中的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)北京日語(yǔ)學(xué)研究中心開(kāi)發(fā)的中日對(duì)譯語(yǔ)料庫(kù)的應(yīng)用，收集了夏目漱石的作品《哥兒》和《心》中的被動(dòng)句為例文，參照中文的翻譯，對(duì)中日被動(dòng)句在意義和文法表現(xiàn)上，進(jìn)行了比較，找出了其中的對(duì)應(yīng)關(guān)系，主要總結(jié)了以下六個(gè)方面。 1，施事和受事均為有生命物體，日語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句和漢語(yǔ)的被字句對(duì)應(yīng)，其中也包括了“給，叫，讓，受，遭”等有標(biāo)志的句子。 2，，主語(yǔ)是無(wú)生命物體，施事省略，此時(shí)，和漢語(yǔ)的意義被動(dòng)句對(duì)應(yīng)。 3，間接被動(dòng)句中，可以分為兩種，及物動(dòng)詞的表所屬的被動(dòng)句可以翻譯成被動(dòng)句。不及物動(dòng)詞和其余的及物動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)句可以翻譯成主動(dòng)句， 4，感知?jiǎng)釉~中，具有說(shuō)話含義的動(dòng)詞，而且本身句子沒(méi)有受害的意思，可以翻譯成相應(yīng)的主動(dòng)句。 5，具有處置意義的動(dòng)詞構(gòu)成的被動(dòng)句可以翻譯成存在句。 6，句子中包含有以施事動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)來(lái)修飾的名詞，并且該名詞是此動(dòng)詞的受事者，且前面具有限定范圍的詞組，可以直接把動(dòng)詞翻譯成定語(yǔ)，在動(dòng)詞和名詞中間，以“的”來(lái)連接。 第六本分是本文的概括，和對(duì)今后課題的展望。 因?yàn)闈h語(yǔ)的被動(dòng)句有無(wú)標(biāo)志的意義被動(dòng)句，所以很難從語(yǔ)料庫(kù)里檢測(cè)，顧而本文的漢語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句是以日語(yǔ)的翻譯文來(lái)充當(dāng)?shù)�，還有主要涉及的是施事和受事成分，動(dòng)詞涉及很少，并且文體選擇了小說(shuō)，其他的并未涉及，所以本文存在了不充分之處，期待著后人對(duì)中日被動(dòng)句進(jìn)行全面的對(duì)比研究。
[Abstract]:Language is the main means of conveying thoughts and feelings in human society. Grammar is the law of language. The differences between languages and cultures of different nationalities make contrastive linguistics possible. In the grammatical system of Japanese and Chinese, state is an important category, in which passive voice plays an important role, so I think it is necessary to study the dynamics of being. Based on the first research, starting from the modern language, taking the subject of being dynamic as the object of study, and analyzing whether the agent and the patient are non-living or affectionate, this paper examines the similarities and differences of the dynamic of Chinese and Japanese through the comparison of Chinese and Japanese sentences. This paper consists of six parts. The first part explains the motive and purpose of the research from the necessity of dynamic research, and simply explains the significance of the research. The second part is the first research. According to the order of Chinese, Japanese and Sino-Japanese comparison, the research of each school is introduced, and the shortcomings are summarized. Then it classifies and qualifies the dynamic discussion and the provenance of the example sentence. Finally, this paper introduces the position and research methods. The third part analyzes the passive sentences of China and Japan from the aspects of meaning and grammatical representation. The fourth and fifth parts are the specific research part. This paper makes a contrastive study on the Chinese and Japanese passive sentences in terms of their meanings and grammatical expressions, and finds out the corresponding relations between them. Through the application of the Chinese-Japanese translation corpus developed by Beijing Japanese Studies Research Center, this paper collects the passive sentences in Natalie's works "Brother" and "Heart" as examples, referring to the translation of Chinese. This paper compares the meanings and grammatical expressions of Chinese and Japanese passive sentences, finds out the corresponding relations, and summarizes the following six aspects. The Japanese passive sentence corresponds to the Chinese quilt sentence, which also includes the marked sentences such as "give, call, surrender, receive, suffer" and so on. 2, subject is inanimate object, agent ellipsis, at this time, corresponding to the Chinese meaning of passive sentence. 3, indirect passive sentences can be divided into two types, the passive sentences of transitive verbs can be translated into passive sentences. The passive sentences of intransitive verbs and other transitive verbs can be translated into active sentences, 4. In perceptual verbs, there are verbs that have the meaning of speaking, and the sentences themselves do not mean to be victimized. Can be translated into the corresponding active sentence. 5. The passive sentence formed by the disposing verb can be translated into the existential sentence. 6. The sentence contains a noun modified passively by the agent verb, and the noun is the subject of the verb, and is preceded by a limited number of phrases, which can be translated directly into attributive verbs, between verbs and nouns. Connect with the word "." The sixth part is the summary of this paper, and the prospect of the future topic. Because the passive sentence in Chinese has the meaning of passive sentence, it is difficult to detect the passive sentence from the corpus. The passive sentence in this paper is used as a Japanese translation. And the style of the novel, the other is not involved, so there is insufficient in this paper, looking forward to future generations of Chinese and Japanese passive sentences to carry out a comprehensive contrastive study.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號(hào)】：H36;H14

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 丁佳;日語(yǔ)被動(dòng)句在漢語(yǔ)中的對(duì)應(yīng)形式研究[D];吉林大學(xué);2012年

本文編號(hào)：2393934