漢日話題比較研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-11-08 18:33
【摘要】： 本論文利用功能語言學、語言類型學、比較語言學的相關理論對中日兩種語言在話題這一語法范疇進行了比較研究,從兩種語言的話題化手段、各種句子成分成為話題的特點、一些典型話題句式的中日對比、互譯等方面進行了考察,試圖探詢其中的異同和成因以及語法特點的相關性。漢語是一種語用優(yōu)先的非形態(tài)語言,在語序、物化標記、語音三種常用的話題化手段中,指出語序、物化標記、語音三種話題化手段在中日兩種語言中所占的比重各有不同,漢語主要使用語序手段,輔助以物化標記、語音等顯性手段,是一種話題暗示型語言。日語是一種形態(tài)變化豐富的語言,動詞變化達十余種,還有種類多樣的黏著性助動詞和助詞,很多成分的語義格根據(jù)這些助詞就一目了然,而且也由于它的SOV語序,日語容易發(fā)展出話題的物化標記,即日語是話題明示性語言。日語中多使用物化標記的話題化手段,話題標記對其他格成分標記或者取代或者在其后連用,也就是說話題和其他格成分是并存的,一個話題化的句法成分常�？梢陨砑娑�,話題的同時又是其他語義格。漢語中的很多話題和原句子結構的動詞不再發(fā)生直接的語法關系,而日語中即使話題化后仍然有許多語法標記標示它在句中的格身份。日語中物化標記的明示性使話題有時不必位于句首,但不位于句首不可避免的消弱了它的話題性,因而會含有對比、焦點等其他語用含義。而且,各種話題化手段的話題性在中日兩種語言中都有強弱之分,當是施事話題時,話題和主語重合,話題的語法特征抑制了主語特征的外化,也不可避免的具有了一定的主語性。中日兩種語言都有多種話題化手段連用而使話題性增強的傾向。在做中日話題句互譯時既要注意中日話題的共同點,也要考慮到話題句的特殊性,要注意結合具體語境和非語言因素,進行適當?shù)卣{整,既要準確地傳達原文的各種語義,也要使譯文更符合目的語的表達習慣。話題是語用層面的概念,它可以使句子的格成分等發(fā)生一定的語法操作而帶上話題特征。
[Abstract]:Based on the theories of functional linguistics, linguistic typology and comparative linguistics, this thesis makes a comparative study of the grammatical category of topic between Chinese and Japanese languages. In order to find out the similarities and differences, the causes and the correlation of grammatical features, some typical topic sentences are compared and translated between China and Japan. Chinese is a pragmatic priority non-morphological language. In the three commonly used topicalization means, word order, materialized marker and phonetic means, the proportion of word order, materialized marker and phonetic means in Chinese and Japanese is different. Chinese mainly uses word order means, assisted by physical and chemical markers, phonetic and other dominant means, is a topic implied language. Japanese is a language with a variety of morphologies, more than a dozen verbs, and a variety of adhesive auxiliary verbs and auxiliary words. The semantic case of many components can be easily understood from these auxiliary words, and also because of its SOV word order. Japanese is easy to develop the materialized mark of topic, that is, Japanese is the explicit language of topic. In Japanese, a topicalization method that often uses materialized markers. Topic markers mark or replace or combine with other case elements. That is to say, topics coexist with other case elements, and a topic-oriented syntactic component can often be used in both positions. The topic is at the same time other semantic lattice. Many topics in Chinese and verbs in the original sentence structure no longer have a direct grammatical relationship, while in Japanese there are still many grammatical markers indicating their case status in the sentence even after the topic has been discussed. The ostensibility of materialized markers in Japanese makes it unnecessary for the topic to be at the beginning of the sentence, but not at the beginning of the sentence, which inevitably weakens its topicality and thus contains other pragmatic meanings, such as contrast, focus and so on. Moreover, the topicality of various means of topicalization is strong and weak in both Chinese and Japanese languages. When the topic is a subject, the topic and subject overlap, and the grammatical features of the topic inhibit the externalization of the subject feature. It is inevitable to have a certain subject. Both Chinese and Japanese have a tendency to use a variety of topicalization methods to enhance the topic. In translating Chinese and Japanese topic sentences, we should not only pay attention to the common points of Chinese and Japanese topics, but also take into account the particularity of topic sentences. We should pay attention to combining specific context and non-linguistic factors to make appropriate adjustments so as to convey all kinds of semantics of the original text accurately. We should also make the translation more in line with the target language. Topic is a concept of pragmatic level, which can make the case elements of sentence take place certain grammatical operation and bring the topic characteristic.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：H36
本文編號：2319318
[Abstract]:Based on the theories of functional linguistics, linguistic typology and comparative linguistics, this thesis makes a comparative study of the grammatical category of topic between Chinese and Japanese languages. In order to find out the similarities and differences, the causes and the correlation of grammatical features, some typical topic sentences are compared and translated between China and Japan. Chinese is a pragmatic priority non-morphological language. In the three commonly used topicalization means, word order, materialized marker and phonetic means, the proportion of word order, materialized marker and phonetic means in Chinese and Japanese is different. Chinese mainly uses word order means, assisted by physical and chemical markers, phonetic and other dominant means, is a topic implied language. Japanese is a language with a variety of morphologies, more than a dozen verbs, and a variety of adhesive auxiliary verbs and auxiliary words. The semantic case of many components can be easily understood from these auxiliary words, and also because of its SOV word order. Japanese is easy to develop the materialized mark of topic, that is, Japanese is the explicit language of topic. In Japanese, a topicalization method that often uses materialized markers. Topic markers mark or replace or combine with other case elements. That is to say, topics coexist with other case elements, and a topic-oriented syntactic component can often be used in both positions. The topic is at the same time other semantic lattice. Many topics in Chinese and verbs in the original sentence structure no longer have a direct grammatical relationship, while in Japanese there are still many grammatical markers indicating their case status in the sentence even after the topic has been discussed. The ostensibility of materialized markers in Japanese makes it unnecessary for the topic to be at the beginning of the sentence, but not at the beginning of the sentence, which inevitably weakens its topicality and thus contains other pragmatic meanings, such as contrast, focus and so on. Moreover, the topicality of various means of topicalization is strong and weak in both Chinese and Japanese languages. When the topic is a subject, the topic and subject overlap, and the grammatical features of the topic inhibit the externalization of the subject feature. It is inevitable to have a certain subject. Both Chinese and Japanese have a tendency to use a variety of topicalization methods to enhance the topic. In translating Chinese and Japanese topic sentences, we should not only pay attention to the common points of Chinese and Japanese topics, but also take into account the particularity of topic sentences. We should pay attention to combining specific context and non-linguistic factors to make appropriate adjustments so as to convey all kinds of semantics of the original text accurately. We should also make the translation more in line with the target language. Topic is a concept of pragmatic level, which can make the case elements of sentence take place certain grammatical operation and bring the topic characteristic.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：H36
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