發(fā)布時間：2018-04-23 18:06

  本文選題：省略 + 句子　； 參考：《湖南大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 通過對以往研究的考察,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)在眾多關于日語人稱代詞省略現(xiàn)象的研究中,大部分是對各類省略現(xiàn)象的羅列,然而關于人稱代詞省略條件的考察似乎并不多見。因此,關于日語人稱代詞省略的條件還有待研究。本文根據關聯(lián)的認知原理和交際原理,通過對句子層面及語篇層面中日語人稱代詞省略現(xiàn)象的分析,從認知視角考察影響日語人稱代詞省略現(xiàn)象產生的因素,進而探究其省略的條件。 關聯(lián)理論認為,一切交際行為都有“以最小的認知努力獲得最大認知效果”的傾向�；诖�,以往的研究將省略句定義為：以省略這一最小的認知努力得到包含說話者背景、情況、經驗、想法等認知環(huán)境在內的最大認知效果的句子。本文沿用此定義對日語人稱代詞的省略現(xiàn)象展開研究。 首先,本文從句子層面對人稱代詞省略現(xiàn)象進行了考察。日語中,由語義信息引起人稱限定的句子表達有很多,例如：主觀表達、授受表達、被動表達、敬語表達以及命令請求表達等。由于這些句子表達本身具有人稱限定,所以通過這些表達能夠達到人稱所指明示化的認知效果。在此前提下,為了減少語言處理所需的認知努力,人稱代詞的省略是符合關聯(lián)理論的。 其次,根據人稱代詞的指示功能,本文從現(xiàn)場指示和話語復指兩個方面考察了語篇層面日語人稱代詞的省略現(xiàn)象。對現(xiàn)場指示的考察表明,話語現(xiàn)場中人們可以通過視線、句末聲調、“あのう·わえ”等招呼語以及專屬名稱等方式明示指示對象。因此,為了減少語言處理的認知努力,取得認知努力和認知效果的平衡,人稱代詞常常被省略。同時,針對話語復指,本文從承前省略和上下文省略兩方面進行了分析。承前省略是通過上文中明示傳達行為,‘確定關于人稱所指的假定,即明示傳達行為的新含義。在日語中,此人稱所指的假定頻繁被喚起。根據假定被喚起的難易性,這一人稱所指的假定在下文中也更容易被喚起。根據關聯(lián)理論,為了減少認知努力,人稱代詞被省略是符合人類認知的。再者,在上下文(等同于認知環(huán)境的廣義上的上下文)出現(xiàn)的省略現(xiàn)象中,話題人物一般較多。人稱代詞被省略的話,人稱所指不容易被推論。但是從上下文可以推論的話,為了保證最佳關聯(lián),人稱代詞也常常被省略,并由此保證了語篇的最佳連貫。 最后,在關聯(lián)理論的框架下,本文還考察了日語人稱代詞的非省略現(xiàn)象。考察結果表明,非省略是說話者試圖通過人稱代詞來傳達額外的認知效果,或者試圖減少聽話者理解語言要做的認知努力,為保證話語的最佳關聯(lián)而主觀采取的表達。這時,如果省略的話,就違反了關聯(lián)原則。 進而,通過考察,本文揭示出日本人“以心傳心”的民族性作為一種邏輯信息已深植于日本人的認知環(huán)境,從而為日語中大量省略現(xiàn)象的產生提供了條件。
[Abstract]:Through the investigation of the previous studies, the author finds that most of the researches on the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns are an enumeration of all kinds of ellipsis, but the investigation on the ellipsis conditions of personal pronouns seems to be rare. Therefore, the conditions of Japanese personal pronoun ellipsis need to be studied. Based on the cognitive and communicative principles of relevance, this paper analyzes the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns at the sentence and discourse levels, and explores the factors that affect the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns from a cognitive perspective. And then explore the conditions of its ellipsis. Relevance theory holds that all communicative behaviors tend to achieve maximum cognitive effect with minimal cognitive effort. Based on this the previous studies have defined ellipsis as a sentence with the greatest cognitive effect including the background of the speaker the situation the experience and the idea through the minimal cognitive effort of ellipsis. This paper uses this definition to study the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns. First of all, this paper investigates the ellipsis of personal pronouns at sentence level. In Japanese, there are many sentence expressions defined by semantic information, such as subjective expression, grant expression, passive expression, honorific expression, command request expression and so on. Because these sentences have their own personal qualification, they can achieve the cognitive effect of the explicit expression of the person. On this premise, in order to reduce the cognitive effort required for language processing, the ellipsis of personal pronouns is consistent with relevance theory. Secondly, according to the deixis function of personal pronouns, this paper examines the ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns at discourse level from the two aspects of field deixis and utterance complex. The investigation of field deixis shows that in the discourse scene, people can express the target by means of line of sight, tone at the end of the sentence, greeting words such as "such as" as well as the exclusive name. Therefore, in order to reduce the cognitive effort of language processing and achieve a balance between cognitive effort and cognitive effect, personal pronouns are often omitted. At the same time, this paper analyzes the utterance repetition from two aspects: antecedent ellipsis and contextual ellipsis. The former omission is to determine the assumption of the person's reference through the explicit communication act above, that is, the new meaning of the explicit communication act. In Japanese, this person claims that the assumptions he refers to are frequently evocated. Based on the ease of arousal of hypotheses, the hypotheses referred to by this person are also more likely to be evocated in the following paragraphs. According to relevance theory, in order to reduce cognitive effort, the omission of personal pronouns accords with human cognition. Furthermore, in the ellipsis of context (equivalent to the broad context of cognitive environment), there are more topic figures. When personal pronouns are omitted, personal pronouns are not easily inferred. However, in order to ensure the best relevance, personal pronouns are often omitted from the context, thus ensuring the best coherence of the text. Finally, under the framework of relevance theory, the non-ellipsis of Japanese personal pronouns is investigated. The results show that non-ellipsis is an attempt by the speaker to convey additional cognitive effects through personal pronouns or to reduce the cognitive effort of the hearer to understand the language and to ensure the optimal relevance of the utterance. At this point, if omitted, the principle of association is violated. Furthermore, through the investigation, this paper reveals that the nationality of the Japanese as a kind of logical information has been deeply rooted in the cognitive environment of the Japanese, thus providing the conditions for the occurrence of a large number of ellipses in Japanese.
【學位授予單位】：湖南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：H36

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 李雪;關于日語會話中省略表現(xiàn)的研究[D];湖南大學;2012年

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本文編號：1793032