本文選題：動詞語義　切入點：容器意象圖式　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2017年博士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：本研究是關(guān)于現(xiàn)代日語中容器指向動詞語義范疇的認(rèn)知研究。所謂日語容器指向動詞是指基于人的三維空間認(rèn)知經(jīng)驗,結(jié)合時間維度,像「徏む」、「入れる」、「溢れる」、「こぼす」、「出す」等具有容器指向性語義特征、表示出入容器內(nèi)部事件的動詞。與日語中其它類別動詞不同,日語容器指向動詞具有獨特的語義特征。本研究參閱中日日語語言學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域最新的研究成果,吸收新的語言學(xué)理論及研究方法,以認(rèn)知語義學(xué)的意象圖式理論、框架語義學(xué)理論、構(gòu)式語法理論和事件結(jié)構(gòu)理論為依據(jù),界定了現(xiàn)代日語容器指向動詞的范疇屬性、下位分類,并構(gòu)建了現(xiàn)代日語容器指向動詞的理論框架和動詞體系。同時,借助日語語料庫的大量語料,運用描寫與解釋、歸納與演繹相結(jié)合等方法,實證分析了現(xiàn)代日語容器指向動詞的意象圖式特征、語義框架要素與結(jié)構(gòu)、動詞的語義特征及所在句式的句法表征,總結(jié)歸納了動詞語義生成的認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)和語義要素投射到句法上的一般性規(guī)律。通過分析和論證,本研究得出以下結(jié)論:現(xiàn)代日語容器指向動詞以相對參照框架為參照基準(zhǔn),以容器內(nèi)部為參照點,依據(jù)目標(biāo)物和容器的位置關(guān)系,表達(dá)物體出入容器事件各時間點的不同事態(tài),具有容器內(nèi)部指向性語義特征。在語言表達(dá)中,人們對于事件的認(rèn)知往往遵循時間和行為的發(fā)展序列,動詞和句法形式的選擇取決于說話人關(guān)注事態(tài)的不同側(cè)面,即視點的配置影響著說話人對于事態(tài)的表達(dá)方式。“日語終點指向容器動詞”用于描述說話人關(guān)注目標(biāo)物移入容器過程中呈現(xiàn)出的事態(tài),是表示物體在自力或外力作用下由容器外部移入容器內(nèi)部的位置變化、終點指向為容器內(nèi)部、且使容器內(nèi)部狀態(tài)發(fā)生變化的動詞。動詞的語義特征為具有有界性、位置變化性和狀態(tài)變化性,移動的終點是容器或容器隱喻事物。表示終點的格標(biāo)記的優(yōu)先選擇序列為「ニ」格「へ」格「マデ」格。根據(jù)力的性質(zhì)可分為自移主體位置變化動詞和致移客體位置變化動詞,移動主體或移動客體的位置變化性特征顯著。容器內(nèi)部狀態(tài)變化特征常為內(nèi)隱屬性,根據(jù)語境需要可浮現(xiàn)于句式中。“日語容器內(nèi)指向動詞”用于描述說話人關(guān)注目標(biāo)物在容器內(nèi)部時呈現(xiàn)出的事態(tài),表示物體在容器內(nèi)部從無到有或從有到無的狀態(tài)變化以及量的增減變化過程。動詞最顯著的語義特征是量性特征,根據(jù)量性特征的性質(zhì)把動詞分為具有“相對靜態(tài)”量性特征的動詞和具有“相對動態(tài)”量性特征的動詞。動詞的量性特征對句法結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生一定制約和影響,在容器內(nèi)部的物體量達(dá)到最大值(充滿)或最小值(近于零)時,容器更容易被凸顯出來,表示容器語義角色的名詞性成分常用作主語;容器內(nèi)部物體的量處于最大值與最小值之間時,容納物容易被凸顯,表示容納物語義角色的名詞性成分多為主語。“日語起點指向容器動詞”用于描述說話人關(guān)注目標(biāo)物移出容器過程中呈現(xiàn)的事態(tài),表現(xiàn)物體以容器內(nèi)部作為移動起點,在自力或外力的作用下由容器內(nèi)部向容器外部移動,使容器內(nèi)部狀態(tài)發(fā)生改變的事態(tài)。動詞顯著的語義特征為移動的起點是容器或容器隱喻事物、具有位置變化性和狀態(tài)變化性,表示起點的格標(biāo)記優(yōu)先選擇「カラ」格。根據(jù)力的性質(zhì)和致使性語義特征,動詞可分為“致使移動動詞”、“致使變化動詞”、“非致使移動動詞”、“非致使變化動詞”,其中“致使移動動詞”和“非致使移動動詞”位置變化性特征顯著,句式中有表示起點和終點的格成分「カラ」格和「ニ」格;“致使變化動詞”和“非致使變化動詞”狀態(tài)變化性特征顯著,不凸顯移動性。“日語反身性容器指向動詞”具有反身性語義特征,動詞選擇「ヲ」格作為表示施動對象的格標(biāo)記,能表現(xiàn)能量由動作主體傳遞到動作客體最終回到動作主體的能量循環(huán)過程。當(dāng)動作過程有兩個參與者時,動作客體有移出或移入動作主體的位置變化性;當(dāng)動作過程只有一個參與者時,動作施予對象是動作主體的產(chǎn)生物或所屬物,不含有移動性。上述兩種情況的句法投射格式盡管都是「~ガ/ハ~ヲV」,但是后者「ヲ」格名詞性成分與動詞常常構(gòu)成語義關(guān)系緊密的詞組或慣用形式。本研究對多義動詞「溢れる」展開個案研究,論證了動詞「溢れる」的容器內(nèi)部指向性和容器起點指向性語義特征及其在句式中的動態(tài)變化關(guān)系,并闡釋了?N1+あふれる+N2?結(jié)構(gòu)是由源結(jié)構(gòu)「N_2(Y)ガ/ハN_1(X)ニV」轉(zhuǎn)變而來,動詞「あふれる」的語義由事件范疇轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)閷傩苑懂牭脑~匯化演變軌跡。目前,以容器意象圖式為認(rèn)知基礎(chǔ)的日語動詞語義研究尚未形成系統(tǒng)、完善的體系,盡管已有許多關(guān)于「出す」等動詞的個案研究,但還有待深入挖掘。本研究構(gòu)建了表示出入容器事件的動詞體系框架,試圖從人的認(rèn)知經(jīng)驗出發(fā)探求動詞的語義特點及其在語言表達(dá)上的投射規(guī)律,以對目前日語動詞語義理論研究進行補充。
[Abstract]:This study is the study on cognition of container in modern Japanese toward verbs semantic categories. The so-called Japanese vessels to the verb refers to the three-dimensional space based on human cognitive experience, combined with the dimension of time, like "better appreciate", "enter in terms", "overflow in terms", "I'm", "Japanese" etc. a container with a point of semantic features, and said internal event container. Unlike other types of verb verbs in Japanese, Japanese verbs with semantic features unique to the container. The latest research achievements in the field of research on Japanese Linguistics refer to the linguistic theory, absorption and new research methods, image schema theory of cognitive semantics, frame semantics, grammar and event structure theory, defines the Category attribute, pointing to the modern Japanese vessel verb sub classification. And build a modern container to Japanese verbs The theoretical framework and the verb system. At the same time, with the help of a large corpus of Japanese Corpus, the use of description and explanation, inductive and deductive methods, empirical analysis of the characteristics of modern Japanese vessels to the image schema of verbs, semantic elements and syntactic representation framework structure, verb semantic features and the sentence, summarizes the semantics of verbs the cognitive basis and semantic elements onto the general rules of syntax. Through analysis and demonstration, this paper draws the following conclusions: Modern Japanese vessels to verbs relative to the reference frame as the reference datum, the inside of the container as a reference point, on the basis of position between the object and the container, the expression of different things and events in each container object at the same time, the internal container having directivity semantic features. In the language, the development sequence of events for people tend to follow the cognitive time and for the The verb, and syntactic form depends on the choice of speaker focus on separate aspects of the situation, namely view configuration affects the expression of the speaker situation. "End point to the container for the Japanese verb" the matter showing concern the object into the container to describe speaker in the process, is the representation of an object in the self or external force from the exterior of the container in the change of position of the container, pointing to the end point inside the container, and the container internal state change verbs. The semantic features of verbs with boundedness, position change and change of state, the mobile end point is a metaphor container or container. Said preference sequence of case marking the end point "Ni" "what" "lattice lattice design". According to the properties of magnet lattice force can be divided into self moving subject position and object position shift caused by changes of verb verb, mobile agent or mobile object The characteristics of position change significantly. The internal state of the container changes often implicit attributes, according to the context needs to be surfaced in the sentence. "The Japanese vessel to the verb" to describe the target speaker attention appeared in the inside of the container when the situation in the internal representation of an object or container from scratch from there to the state change and change the amount of change in the process. The most significant is the quantity of the semantic features of verbs, according to the nature of the quantitative feature of the verb into a "static" quantity feature of verb and verb has relatively dynamic quantitative characteristics. The quantitative feature of verbs have certain restriction and the influence of the syntactic structure, object the amount in the container reaches the maximum value (full) or minimum value (close to zero), the container is more likely to be highlighted, said container semantic role noun is used as the subject; internal container The object at the maximum value and minimum value, the contents can be highlighted, said noun semantic roles to accommodate the subject. "The starting point to the container of Japanese verb" to describe the present speaker attention object removed from the container in the process of the situation, the object inside the container as a starting point to move in, or self under the action of external force to move by the container internal to the outside of the container, the container internal state change situation. Significant semantic features of the verbs as the starting point of a movement is a metaphor container or container, with position change and change of state, said the case marking preferred form of lumira "starting point". According to the nature and power grid the semantic features of the verb can be divided into the "cause", resulting in the change of motion verbs "verb", "non causative verb movement", "non causative verb", which "causing the shift Verb "and" non causative verb movement "position change marked sentence said" the starting point and end point lattice components Dhaka lumira "and" Ni "lattice;" cause verb "and" non causative change features of the verbs "were not prominent" Japanese reflexive mobility. The container has a reflexive verb to verb semantic features, "" said the lattice as case marking objects, can show the energy transfer from the action subject to the energy recycling process will eventually return to the main object of movement. When the action action process of two participants, action object has a position change of out of or into action the main course of action; when only one participant, action object is subject to produce or the material, does not contain mobility. These two kinds of syntactic projection are "format although gas / Harbin. ~ V ", but the latter" "lattice nominal composition and verb semantic relations often close phrases or a conventional form. This study conducts a case study on Polysemous verbs in terms of" overflow ", demonstrates the verb" overflow "in terms of internal container and container directional starting point characteristic and the dynamic meaning of language the change in the type of relationship, and explains the examples in terms of +N2? N1+ thou? Structure is composed of source structure" N_2 (Y) gas / Harbin N_1 (X) V "second changes, semantic verb" examples in terms of vocabulary "looked that the transition from event category attribute category evolution trajectory. At present, the research of Japanese verb semantic in container image schema cognitive basis has not yet formed a system, perfect system, even though there are many about the" Case Study on "verb, but have yet to dig. This study established a verb frame entry container events, test From the perspective of human cognitive experience, we explore the semantic features of verbs and their projection rules in language expression, so as to supplement the current research on the semantics of Japanese verbs.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：H36
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本文編號：1593265