哈薩克斯坦語言文化政策中的俄語因素
發(fā)布時間：2018-09-03 11:09
【摘要】：自18世紀起，哈薩克斯坦就受到俄羅斯文化的影響，與俄羅斯語言文化結下了不解之緣。由于哈薩克斯坦所處的重要戰(zhàn)略位置，沙俄帝國開始蠶食哈薩克斯坦，直至吞噬掉其廣袤國土。沙俄在征服哈薩克斯坦的過程中，逐步推廣俄羅斯文化，迫使哈薩克斯坦各民族俄羅斯化，其中最主要的手段就是大力推廣俄語。俄語一方面充當了殖民統(tǒng)治的工具，一方面成為文化溝通的橋梁，使哈薩克斯坦精英分子接觸到俄羅斯先進文化，拓寬了視野。 蘇聯(lián)時期，蘇維埃政府由初期推行的語言平等政策，逐漸轉向強制推廣俄語，到哈薩克斯坦獨立之初，全國七成以上的人能流利運用俄語，而只有不超過三成的人掌握哈語。 哈薩克斯坦獨立時，俄羅斯語言文化是哈薩克斯坦社會的主流語言文化，所以政府亟待復興哈薩克斯坦主體民族—哈薩克族的傳統(tǒng)文化：一是如何提升哈薩克族政治地位；二是如何增加哈薩克族的人口數(shù)量，使之在哈薩克斯坦占多數(shù)；三是如何弘揚和發(fā)展哈薩克民族傳統(tǒng)文化，使其成為國家的主流文化并順利傳承下去；四是如何在最短的時間內使哈薩克語成為哈薩克斯坦的正式語言并為國民所接受。 哈薩克斯坦獨立20多年來，，國內政局穩(wěn)定，經濟發(fā)展順利，國際地位日益提高。俄羅斯、美國和土耳其三國在哈薩克斯坦展開文化軟實力的較量。俄語仍對哈薩克斯坦有很大的影響，充當著哈薩克斯坦與后蘇聯(lián)空間國家間溝通的紐帶。這都使得哈薩克斯坦弘揚民族文化困難重重。 本文通過對俄語在哈薩克斯坦生根發(fā)芽，到其成為主流語言這一歷史進程的研究分析，探析哈薩克斯坦語言文化政策中的俄語因素，總結歸納了哈薩克斯坦發(fā)展本民族文化、不斷提升國家實力的歷史經驗，以期對俄語研究、俄羅斯問題研究以及哈薩克斯坦問題研究有所貢獻。
[Abstract]:Since the 18 th century, Kazakhstan has been influenced by Russian culture. Because of Kazakhstan's important strategic position, the Russian Empire began to encroach on Kazakhstan until it swallowed up its vast territory. In the process of conquering Kazakhstan, Czarist Russia gradually popularized Russian culture and forced all ethnic groups in Kazakhstan to be Russianized, the most important means of which was to promote Russian vigorously. On the one hand, Russian served as a tool of colonial rule, on the other hand, it became a bridge of cultural communication, which made Kazakh elite come into contact with Russia's advanced culture and broaden its horizons. During the Soviet period, the Soviet government gradually shifted from the initial policy of language equality to the compulsory promotion of Russian. At the beginning of Kazakhstan's independence, more than 70% of the people in the country were fluent in Russian, while only less than 30% of the people mastered the Kazakh language. When Kazakhstan became independent, the Russian language and culture was the mainstream language and culture of Kazakh society, so the government urgently needed to revive the traditional culture of Kazakh nationality, the main nationality of Kazakhstan: first, how to promote the political status of Kazakh people; Second, how to increase the number of Kazakh population and make it the majority in Kazakhstan, third, how to carry forward and develop Kazakh traditional culture, make it become the mainstream culture of the country and pass it down smoothly. Fourth, how to make Kazakh become the official language of Kazakhstan and be accepted by the people in the shortest time. Since Kazakhstan's independence more than 20 years ago, its domestic political situation has been stable, its economy has developed smoothly, and its international status has been rising day by day. Russia, the United States and Turkey are competing for cultural soft power in Kazakhstan. Russian still has a great influence on Kazakhstan and acts as a link between Kazakhstan and the post-Soviet space state. This makes it difficult for Kazakhstan to carry forward its national culture. Based on the research and analysis of the historical process of Russian taking root and sprouting into the mainstream language in Kazakhstan, this paper analyzes the Russian factors in the language and culture policy of Kazakhstan, and summarizes the development of its own national culture in Kazakhstan. The historical experience of improving national strength is expected to contribute to Russian studies, Russian studies and Kazakh studies.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H35
本文編號：2219810
[Abstract]:Since the 18 th century, Kazakhstan has been influenced by Russian culture. Because of Kazakhstan's important strategic position, the Russian Empire began to encroach on Kazakhstan until it swallowed up its vast territory. In the process of conquering Kazakhstan, Czarist Russia gradually popularized Russian culture and forced all ethnic groups in Kazakhstan to be Russianized, the most important means of which was to promote Russian vigorously. On the one hand, Russian served as a tool of colonial rule, on the other hand, it became a bridge of cultural communication, which made Kazakh elite come into contact with Russia's advanced culture and broaden its horizons. During the Soviet period, the Soviet government gradually shifted from the initial policy of language equality to the compulsory promotion of Russian. At the beginning of Kazakhstan's independence, more than 70% of the people in the country were fluent in Russian, while only less than 30% of the people mastered the Kazakh language. When Kazakhstan became independent, the Russian language and culture was the mainstream language and culture of Kazakh society, so the government urgently needed to revive the traditional culture of Kazakh nationality, the main nationality of Kazakhstan: first, how to promote the political status of Kazakh people; Second, how to increase the number of Kazakh population and make it the majority in Kazakhstan, third, how to carry forward and develop Kazakh traditional culture, make it become the mainstream culture of the country and pass it down smoothly. Fourth, how to make Kazakh become the official language of Kazakhstan and be accepted by the people in the shortest time. Since Kazakhstan's independence more than 20 years ago, its domestic political situation has been stable, its economy has developed smoothly, and its international status has been rising day by day. Russia, the United States and Turkey are competing for cultural soft power in Kazakhstan. Russian still has a great influence on Kazakhstan and acts as a link between Kazakhstan and the post-Soviet space state. This makes it difficult for Kazakhstan to carry forward its national culture. Based on the research and analysis of the historical process of Russian taking root and sprouting into the mainstream language in Kazakhstan, this paper analyzes the Russian factors in the language and culture policy of Kazakhstan, and summarizes the development of its own national culture in Kazakhstan. The historical experience of improving national strength is expected to contribute to Russian studies, Russian studies and Kazakh studies.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H35
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