俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及類(lèi)型研究
發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-08-18 17:36
【摘要】：當(dāng)今世界由于政治、科學(xué)、技術(shù)、國(guó)民生活中的國(guó)際化進(jìn)程的不斷發(fā)展和擴(kuò)大，經(jīng)濟(jì)文化的高度發(fā)展與變化，語(yǔ)言中出現(xiàn)了大量的縮略語(yǔ)。今天我們?cè)趫?bào)刊、雜志、電視、新聞、廣播上到處可聞可見(jiàn)各種各樣的縮略語(yǔ)�？s略語(yǔ)的出現(xiàn)和普及反映了語(yǔ)言追求省時(shí)省力的經(jīng)濟(jì)原則的趨勢(shì)。正確使用縮略語(yǔ)對(duì)于節(jié)省空間、時(shí)間、提高語(yǔ)言表達(dá)的緊湊性都有著重大意義。 現(xiàn)代縮略語(yǔ)是一定歷史發(fā)展過(guò)程的結(jié)果，它的歷史雖不能說(shuō)很長(zhǎng)，但是也經(jīng)歷了快速發(fā)展的階段�？s略語(yǔ)作為一種產(chǎn)生不久，但發(fā)展迅速的語(yǔ)言現(xiàn)象，產(chǎn)生在19世紀(jì)末、20世紀(jì)初特定的社會(huì)歷史環(huán)境中。經(jīng)過(guò)復(fù)雜的形成和發(fā)展過(guò)程，縮略語(yǔ)已成為語(yǔ)言中最重要的一部分。因此，我們有必要對(duì)縮略語(yǔ)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究�？s略語(yǔ)作為一種有效的語(yǔ)言手段,運(yùn)用廣泛,其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和類(lèi)型特殊，探究其形成和發(fā)展的規(guī)律,對(duì)于我們?cè)谡Z(yǔ)言交際中能夠更自如、更加高效地運(yùn)用縮略語(yǔ)，這種意義十分重大。 論文題目為《俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)及類(lèi)型研究》，本論文由以下幾部分組成：1）前言；2）正文（三章）；3）結(jié)束語(yǔ)；4）參考文獻(xiàn)；5）致謝信 在前言中介紹了選題的迫切性，確定了研究的目的、任務(wù)、學(xué)術(shù)新義、理論和實(shí)踐意義。 本論文正文由三章構(gòu)成： 第一章《俄語(yǔ)詞和縮略語(yǔ)》：在本章,我們?nèi)骊U述了俄語(yǔ)詞和縮略語(yǔ)，論述了俄羅斯主要語(yǔ)言學(xué)家對(duì)詞和縮略語(yǔ)概念的界定，分析了縮略語(yǔ)作為一種特殊的詞匯類(lèi)型和普通詞的區(qū)別；同時(shí)分析了俄語(yǔ)中詞的意義和縮略語(yǔ)的意義，并歸納總結(jié)了俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)的基本詞義類(lèi)型。在本章末，對(duì)中俄兩國(guó)學(xué)者近年來(lái)研究縮略語(yǔ)的成果做了回顧和總結(jié)。 第二章《俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)的產(chǎn)生及其結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)》：在這一章中,我們研究了縮略語(yǔ)的成因和影響其發(fā)展的各種因素,包括語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)部因素和語(yǔ)言外部因素；同時(shí),對(duì)俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)和普通俄語(yǔ)詞在語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法、詞匯、同音詞、同義詞、近音近形詞等方面進(jìn)行比較,從而分析不同類(lèi)型的縮略語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法、詞匯、語(yǔ)義等方面的特點(diǎn)。 第三章《俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型及縮寫(xiě)方式》：在本章我們對(duì)俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)的縮寫(xiě)方式進(jìn)行研究，比較詳細(xì)、系統(tǒng)的介紹了六種縮略語(yǔ)類(lèi)型：1)字母型縮略語(yǔ)；2)音節(jié)型縮略語(yǔ)；3)混合型縮略語(yǔ)；4)完整詞型縮略語(yǔ)；5)間接格型縮略語(yǔ)；6)外來(lái)詞型縮略語(yǔ)。通過(guò)對(duì)這些類(lèi)型縮略語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和組成成分的分析，探究不同類(lèi)型縮略語(yǔ)在結(jié)構(gòu)上的特點(diǎn)和構(gòu)成規(guī)律。 選題的迫切性： 縮略語(yǔ)作為一種稱(chēng)名手段,其數(shù)量在不斷增加,構(gòu)成方式也在不斷擴(kuò)大,為了更好、更快捷地使用縮略語(yǔ),我們有必要掌握其結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型和特點(diǎn)。對(duì)其結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型和特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)研究,能幫助我們進(jìn)一步了解縮略語(yǔ)的外形和內(nèi)涵,尤其有助于我們將縮略語(yǔ)作為一個(gè)相對(duì)獨(dú)立的結(jié)構(gòu)詞在句子中正確地使用。因此，我們的選題是迫切的和必要的。 研究目的和任務(wù)： 研究目的和任務(wù)在于：第一、根據(jù)中外學(xué)者的研究成果對(duì)縮略語(yǔ)進(jìn)行理論上的研究；第二,搜集相關(guān)材料及縮略語(yǔ)的詞條來(lái)撰寫(xiě)論文；第三,分析研究所搜集的材料，在此基礎(chǔ)上將俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)按照縮寫(xiě)方式分成六類(lèi)，總結(jié)歸納縮略語(yǔ)縮寫(xiě)方式和結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型的規(guī)律和特點(diǎn)。 研究的方法： 本論文的撰寫(xiě)過(guò)程中使用了分析和綜合的研究方法。 論文的創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)： 本文將縮略語(yǔ)按照縮寫(xiě)方式分為六大結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型進(jìn)行了細(xì)致、全面的研究，在此基礎(chǔ)上探究各種類(lèi)型的縮略語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)和縮寫(xiě)規(guī)律。 本文通過(guò)對(duì)俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)和俄語(yǔ)普通詞的對(duì)比研究對(duì)俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行系統(tǒng)分析，并闡述了俄語(yǔ)中各種結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型的縮略語(yǔ)的語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法、詞匯、同音異義、同音同形詞、近音近形詞等特點(diǎn)。 論文的理論意義： 論文的理論意義在于對(duì)大量有關(guān)俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)的資料進(jìn)行了全面、系統(tǒng)的分析、研究和總結(jié)，對(duì)俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型及特點(diǎn)進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)的歸納和分類(lèi),這些能為今后此方向的科研工作及詞典的編纂提供良好的素材,也為其他喜歡此方向研究的人提供參考。 論文的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義： 研究俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型能提供一條人們了解和掌握俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)的途徑，有助于人們今后更便捷、更高效地使用縮略語(yǔ)，同時(shí)也為俄語(yǔ)教學(xué)和縮略語(yǔ)的翻譯實(shí)踐提供直接或間接的依據(jù)。 結(jié)論： 在結(jié)束語(yǔ)中我們得出如下結(jié)論: 1)縮略語(yǔ)是詞或詞組的縮寫(xiě)形式，它由詞或詞組的截短成分組成。俄語(yǔ)中的縮略語(yǔ)大多為名詞,其功能為稱(chēng)名功能。 2)俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)的產(chǎn)生是語(yǔ)言?xún)?nèi)部因素和語(yǔ)言外部因素合力的結(jié)果。 3)俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)在在語(yǔ)音、語(yǔ)法、詞匯、語(yǔ)義等方面都有自己的特點(diǎn)：在語(yǔ)音方面縮略語(yǔ)有三種基本發(fā)音類(lèi)型；在語(yǔ)法方面不同結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型的縮略語(yǔ)，其性、數(shù)、格的變化規(guī)律也不盡相同；在詞匯方面縮略語(yǔ)能夠借助前綴、后綴組成新詞。 4)俄語(yǔ)縮略語(yǔ)主要有以下幾種結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型：a)字母型縮略語(yǔ)；b)音節(jié)型縮略語(yǔ)；c)混合型縮略語(yǔ)；d)完整詞型縮略語(yǔ)；e)間接格型縮略語(yǔ)；f)外來(lái)詞型縮略語(yǔ)。根據(jù)對(duì)這些結(jié)構(gòu)類(lèi)型的縮略語(yǔ)內(nèi)部組成成分的分析可以得知，每種類(lèi)型的縮略語(yǔ)的組成并非偶然的、完全無(wú)規(guī)律可循的，，它們有著自己的構(gòu)成模式和特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:Nowadays, due to the continuous development and expansion of the internationalization process of politics, science, technology and national life, the high development and change of economy and culture, a large number of abbreviations have appeared in the language. Today we can hear all kinds of abbreviations everywhere in newspapers, magazines, television, news and radio. The correct use of abbreviations is of great significance in saving space, time and improving the compactness of language expression.
Modern abbreviation is the result of a certain historical development process. Although its history can not be said to be very long, it has also experienced a period of rapid development. Abbreviations have become the most important part of language. Therefore, it is necessary for us to make a systematic study of abbreviations. As an effective means of language, abbreviations are widely used, their structural characteristics and types are special, and to explore the rules of their formation and development will enable us to use abbreviations more freely and efficiently in language communication. The meaning is very significant.
The title of this paper is . This paper consists of the following parts: 1) Preface; 2) Body (3 chapters); 3) Conclusion; 4) References; 5) Letters of thanks
In the preface, the urgency of choosing the topic is introduced, and the purpose, task, new academic meaning, theoretical and practical significance of the study are determined.
The main body of this thesis is composed of three chapters.
Chapter One: Russian Words and Abbreviations: In this chapter, we comprehensively expound Russian words and abbreviations, discuss the definition of words and abbreviations by major Russian linguists, analyze the differences between abbreviations as a special type of vocabulary and common words, and analyze the meaning of words and abbreviations in Russian. Na summarizes the basic types of Russian abbreviations. At the end of this chapter, the achievements of Chinese and Russian scholars in the study of abbreviations in recent years are reviewed and summarized.
Chapter 2 The Origin and Structural Characteristics of Russian Abbreviations: In this chapter, we study the causes of abbreviations and the various factors affecting their development, including the internal and external factors of the language; at the same time, we study the pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, homonyms, synonyms and near-synonyms of Russian abbreviations and common Russian words. By comparison, the characteristics of different types of abbreviations in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and semantics are compared.
Chapter 3 < Structure Types and Abbreviations of Russian Abbreviations >: In this chapter, we study the abbreviations of Russian abbreviations in detail, and systematically introduce six types of abbreviations: 1) alphabetic abbreviations; 2) syllabic abbreviations; 3) mixed abbreviations; 4) complete morphological abbreviations; 5) indirect case abbreviations; 6) syllabic abbreviations. Loanword abbreviations. Through the analysis of the structure and components of these types of abbreviations, this paper explores the structural characteristics and constitutive rules of different types of abbreviations.
The urgency of topic selection:
Abbreviations, as a means of naming, are increasing in number and form. In order to use abbreviations better and more quickly, it is necessary for us to master their structural types and characteristics. We use abbreviations correctly in sentences as a relatively independent structural word. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to choose our topic.
Research purposes and tasks:
The research aims and tasks are as follows: firstly, to make a theoretical study of abbreviations according to the research achievements of Chinese and foreign scholars; secondly, to collect relevant materials and abbreviation entries for writing papers; thirdly, to analyze and study the collected materials, and on this basis, to classify Russian abbreviations into six categories according to abbreviations, and to summarize and summarize abbreviations. The laws and characteristics of writing style and structure type.
Research methods:
In the process of writing this paper, analytical and integrated research methods are used.
The innovation of this paper is:
This paper divides abbreviations into six structural types according to their abbreviations and makes a detailed and comprehensive study. On this basis, it explores the structural characteristics and abbreviation rules of various types of abbreviations.
This paper makes a systematic analysis of the characteristics of Russian abbreviations through a comparative study of Russian abbreviations and common Russian words, and expounds the phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, homonymy, homonym, homonym and near-homonym of various structural types of abbreviations in Russian.
The theoretical significance of the paper:
The theoretical significance of this paper lies in the comprehensive and systematic analysis, research and summary of a large number of data on Russian abbreviations, the systematic induction and classification of the types and characteristics of Russian abbreviations, which can provide good materials for future scientific research and dictionary compilation in this direction, as well as other preferred directions. The researchers provide reference.
The practical significance of the paper:
Studying the structural types of Russian abbreviations can provide a way for people to understand and master Russian abbreviations, help people to use abbreviations more conveniently and efficiently in the future, and also provide direct or indirect basis for Russian teaching and translation practice of abbreviations.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, we draw the following conclusions:
1) Abbreviations are abbreviations of words or phrases, which consist of truncated components of words or phrases. Most abbreviations in Russian are nouns and their functions are nominal functions.
2) the generation of abbreviations in Russian is the resultant force of internal factors and external factors.
3) Russian abbreviations have their own characteristics in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and semantics: abbreviations have three basic pronunciation types in pronunciation; abbreviations with different structural types in grammar have different laws of change in their nature, number and case; abbreviations can form new words by means of prefixes and suffixes in vocabulary.
4) Russian abbreviations are mainly divided into the following types: a) alphabetic abbreviations; b) syllabic abbreviations; c) mixed abbreviations; d) complete abbreviations; e) indirect case abbreviations; and f) loanword abbreviations. According to the analysis of the internal components of these abbreviations, we can see that each type of abbreviations is abbreviated. The composition of language is not accidental. It has no rules to follow. They have their own constitution patterns and characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H35
本文編號(hào)：2190189
[Abstract]:Nowadays, due to the continuous development and expansion of the internationalization process of politics, science, technology and national life, the high development and change of economy and culture, a large number of abbreviations have appeared in the language. Today we can hear all kinds of abbreviations everywhere in newspapers, magazines, television, news and radio. The correct use of abbreviations is of great significance in saving space, time and improving the compactness of language expression.
Modern abbreviation is the result of a certain historical development process. Although its history can not be said to be very long, it has also experienced a period of rapid development. Abbreviations have become the most important part of language. Therefore, it is necessary for us to make a systematic study of abbreviations. As an effective means of language, abbreviations are widely used, their structural characteristics and types are special, and to explore the rules of their formation and development will enable us to use abbreviations more freely and efficiently in language communication. The meaning is very significant.
The title of this paper is . This paper consists of the following parts: 1) Preface; 2) Body (3 chapters); 3) Conclusion; 4) References; 5) Letters of thanks
In the preface, the urgency of choosing the topic is introduced, and the purpose, task, new academic meaning, theoretical and practical significance of the study are determined.
The main body of this thesis is composed of three chapters.
Chapter One: Russian Words and Abbreviations: In this chapter, we comprehensively expound Russian words and abbreviations, discuss the definition of words and abbreviations by major Russian linguists, analyze the differences between abbreviations as a special type of vocabulary and common words, and analyze the meaning of words and abbreviations in Russian. Na summarizes the basic types of Russian abbreviations. At the end of this chapter, the achievements of Chinese and Russian scholars in the study of abbreviations in recent years are reviewed and summarized.
Chapter 2 The Origin and Structural Characteristics of Russian Abbreviations: In this chapter, we study the causes of abbreviations and the various factors affecting their development, including the internal and external factors of the language; at the same time, we study the pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary, homonyms, synonyms and near-synonyms of Russian abbreviations and common Russian words. By comparison, the characteristics of different types of abbreviations in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and semantics are compared.
Chapter 3 < Structure Types and Abbreviations of Russian Abbreviations >: In this chapter, we study the abbreviations of Russian abbreviations in detail, and systematically introduce six types of abbreviations: 1) alphabetic abbreviations; 2) syllabic abbreviations; 3) mixed abbreviations; 4) complete morphological abbreviations; 5) indirect case abbreviations; 6) syllabic abbreviations. Loanword abbreviations. Through the analysis of the structure and components of these types of abbreviations, this paper explores the structural characteristics and constitutive rules of different types of abbreviations.
The urgency of topic selection:
Abbreviations, as a means of naming, are increasing in number and form. In order to use abbreviations better and more quickly, it is necessary for us to master their structural types and characteristics. We use abbreviations correctly in sentences as a relatively independent structural word. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to choose our topic.
Research purposes and tasks:
The research aims and tasks are as follows: firstly, to make a theoretical study of abbreviations according to the research achievements of Chinese and foreign scholars; secondly, to collect relevant materials and abbreviation entries for writing papers; thirdly, to analyze and study the collected materials, and on this basis, to classify Russian abbreviations into six categories according to abbreviations, and to summarize and summarize abbreviations. The laws and characteristics of writing style and structure type.
Research methods:
In the process of writing this paper, analytical and integrated research methods are used.
The innovation of this paper is:
This paper divides abbreviations into six structural types according to their abbreviations and makes a detailed and comprehensive study. On this basis, it explores the structural characteristics and abbreviation rules of various types of abbreviations.
This paper makes a systematic analysis of the characteristics of Russian abbreviations through a comparative study of Russian abbreviations and common Russian words, and expounds the phonetics, grammar, vocabulary, homonymy, homonym, homonym and near-homonym of various structural types of abbreviations in Russian.
The theoretical significance of the paper:
The theoretical significance of this paper lies in the comprehensive and systematic analysis, research and summary of a large number of data on Russian abbreviations, the systematic induction and classification of the types and characteristics of Russian abbreviations, which can provide good materials for future scientific research and dictionary compilation in this direction, as well as other preferred directions. The researchers provide reference.
The practical significance of the paper:
Studying the structural types of Russian abbreviations can provide a way for people to understand and master Russian abbreviations, help people to use abbreviations more conveniently and efficiently in the future, and also provide direct or indirect basis for Russian teaching and translation practice of abbreviations.
Conclusion:
In conclusion, we draw the following conclusions:
1) Abbreviations are abbreviations of words or phrases, which consist of truncated components of words or phrases. Most abbreviations in Russian are nouns and their functions are nominal functions.
2) the generation of abbreviations in Russian is the resultant force of internal factors and external factors.
3) Russian abbreviations have their own characteristics in pronunciation, grammar, vocabulary and semantics: abbreviations have three basic pronunciation types in pronunciation; abbreviations with different structural types in grammar have different laws of change in their nature, number and case; abbreviations can form new words by means of prefixes and suffixes in vocabulary.
4) Russian abbreviations are mainly divided into the following types: a) alphabetic abbreviations; b) syllabic abbreviations; c) mixed abbreviations; d) complete abbreviations; e) indirect case abbreviations; and f) loanword abbreviations. According to the analysis of the internal components of these abbreviations, we can see that each type of abbreviations is abbreviated. The composition of language is not accidental. It has no rules to follow. They have their own constitution patterns and characteristics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：H35
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