本文選題：報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體 + 口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：眾所周知，報(bào)刊語(yǔ)言涉及經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治、社會(huì)、科學(xué)、文化等諸多方面，正如時(shí)代的一面鏡子，全方位地、及時(shí)地反映俄語(yǔ)中發(fā)生的變革，反映社會(huì)的現(xiàn)實(shí)，最集中、最鮮明地體現(xiàn)“時(shí)代的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)尚”（В.Г. Костомаров，時(shí)代的語(yǔ)言風(fēng)尚，圣彼得堡，1999）。而詞匯又是報(bào)刊語(yǔ)言中最活躍、變化最明顯的層面，其中口語(yǔ)化詞匯更是被政論家和新聞工作者用作言語(yǔ)表現(xiàn)力方式。這些詞匯簡(jiǎn)潔生動(dòng)，不僅表明某些社會(huì)現(xiàn)象，同時(shí)賦予其某種特定的感情評(píng)價(jià)，表達(dá)著人們對(duì)客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)的態(tài)度。 因此，研究現(xiàn)代俄羅斯報(bào)刊中的口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段不僅有助于我們了解現(xiàn)代俄語(yǔ)發(fā)展趨勢(shì)及發(fā)展規(guī)律，而且能夠豐富有關(guān)俄語(yǔ)及俄羅斯文化方面的知識(shí)，進(jìn)而了解俄羅斯的今天和昨天。 一些學(xué)者，如Клушина Н.Д.， Костомаров В.Г.， Виноградов В.В.等，早已對(duì)報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體作了研究并發(fā)表有相關(guān)論著。但對(duì)近些年報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體中出現(xiàn)的語(yǔ)言新現(xiàn)象，尤其是對(duì)口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段的系統(tǒng)研究不多，成果有限。 本文采用最新的報(bào)刊語(yǔ)料（《共青團(tuán)真理報(bào)》、《勞動(dòng)報(bào)》、《論據(jù)與事實(shí)》、《獨(dú)立報(bào)》、《消息報(bào)》等俄羅斯知名報(bào)刊），采用文獻(xiàn)資料分析比較法、數(shù)量統(tǒng)計(jì)法、歸納演繹法等，系統(tǒng)深入地總結(jié)歸納新時(shí)期俄語(yǔ)報(bào)刊語(yǔ)言中積極使用的口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段，旨在研究俄語(yǔ)，尤其是俄語(yǔ)報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體在新時(shí)期的最新發(fā)展變化，以揭示現(xiàn)代俄語(yǔ)在語(yǔ)言外部因素作用下的動(dòng)態(tài)及其變化規(guī)律，探討俄語(yǔ)報(bào)刊語(yǔ)言的新特征，并透過(guò)語(yǔ)言這面鏡子來(lái)折射出俄羅斯社會(huì)的種種變遷。全文由以下幾個(gè)部分構(gòu)成：引言、三個(gè)章節(jié)、結(jié)語(yǔ)及參考書(shū)目。 第一章為口語(yǔ)與報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體的概述，本章是全篇的理論基礎(chǔ)，闡述了文中涉及的幾個(gè)概念，如“口語(yǔ)”、“報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體”等，并描述了當(dāng)今俄羅斯社會(huì)中口語(yǔ)對(duì)現(xiàn)代俄羅斯報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體所產(chǎn)生的影響。 在現(xiàn)代語(yǔ)言學(xué)中，口語(yǔ)仍是一個(gè)有爭(zhēng)議的術(shù)語(yǔ)，因?yàn)槿藗儗?duì)口頭言語(yǔ)的見(jiàn)解因人而異。多數(shù)語(yǔ)言學(xué)家認(rèn)為該語(yǔ)體具備以下基本特征：自發(fā)性、口頭形式、表現(xiàn)力強(qiáng)；不僅使用中性詞，也使用低俗的手段，派生能力強(qiáng)等等�？傮w來(lái)說(shuō)，口語(yǔ)是語(yǔ)言更新變化的源泉�？谡Z(yǔ)與報(bào)刊語(yǔ)言之間的相互滲透，口語(yǔ)詞匯在報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體中的積極運(yùn)用由來(lái)已久，只是時(shí)強(qiáng)時(shí)弱而已，主要取決于該語(yǔ)體自身的特點(diǎn)以及語(yǔ)言外部因素。 第二章分析了現(xiàn)代俄羅斯報(bào)刊中積極運(yùn)用的口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段，包括凝縮后綴法，截短法，詞綴法以及其他一些不變化語(yǔ)言單位。 自上世紀(jì)末到本世紀(jì)初，積極運(yùn)用于報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體中的口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段可構(gòu)成名詞，形容詞和動(dòng)詞，由于論文篇幅有限，文中主要介紹名詞的口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段。 名詞在構(gòu)成新詞總數(shù)中占有極大一部分。其中加后綴組成的詞語(yǔ)最為常見(jiàn)：構(gòu)成名詞最積極使用的后綴有-чик/-щик,-ец/-овец,-ик,以及-щин(а)等。凝縮后綴法和截短法是口語(yǔ)特有的名詞構(gòu)詞手段，兩種方法的活躍完全符合語(yǔ)言的經(jīng)濟(jì)原則和現(xiàn)代的社會(huì)因素。 第三章分析了口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段在現(xiàn)代俄羅斯報(bào)刊中履行的功能及其合理運(yùn)用。 近20年來(lái)，口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段所構(gòu)成的詞匯頻繁出現(xiàn)在報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體中。原因當(dāng)然是多方面的。除了超語(yǔ)言因素外，這與此類詞匯在報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體中所發(fā)揮的功能是密切相關(guān)的。與中性詞匯相比，口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段賦予了這些詞匯更多的修辭潛能，比如鮮明的感情表現(xiàn)色彩，低俗性，評(píng)價(jià)性和新穎性等。同時(shí)，我們還對(duì)由口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段構(gòu)成的詞匯在報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體中的合理運(yùn)用做了特別的說(shuō)明。 基于上述研究，得出了以下結(jié)論： 語(yǔ)言的內(nèi)外因素促使21世紀(jì)初的報(bào)刊語(yǔ)言發(fā)生變革。首先，口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段近十年來(lái)憑借自身特性，作為報(bào)刊語(yǔ)言的主要表現(xiàn)力手段在現(xiàn)代俄羅斯報(bào)刊中得到積極使用，，發(fā)揮了突出的作用，產(chǎn)生了所需的修辭效果。其次，口語(yǔ)構(gòu)詞手段構(gòu)成的詞匯得以廣泛應(yīng)用并受編者青睞，值得我們特別關(guān)注：它們?yōu)閳?bào)刊語(yǔ)言增添了新的音符，增強(qiáng)了語(yǔ)篇的表現(xiàn)力，突出表現(xiàn)了當(dāng)代俄羅斯社會(huì)現(xiàn)狀，包括人們價(jià)值取向的改變。還需注意的是，此類詞匯在報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體中使用時(shí)必須遵循特定的原則，區(qū)分輕重和分寸，因?yàn)椴缓侠淼厥褂么祟愒~語(yǔ)能破壞報(bào)刊語(yǔ)言功能語(yǔ)體的結(jié)構(gòu)，最終導(dǎo)致讀者無(wú)法正確理解報(bào)刊語(yǔ)言。 該課題的研究成果有助于語(yǔ)言學(xué)，尤其是功能修辭學(xué)的發(fā)展，可為俄語(yǔ)報(bào)刊政論語(yǔ)體的深入研究提供寶貴的材料；同時(shí)可以幫助讀者更好地了解新時(shí)期的俄語(yǔ)，更準(zhǔn)確地理解和掌握俄語(yǔ)最新詞匯，克服俄文報(bào)刊閱讀理解的障礙。
[Abstract]:As we all know, the language of newspapers and periodicals involves economic, political, social, scientific, cultural and other aspects. As a mirror of the times, the changes in Russian are reflected in a full and timely manner, reflecting the reality of the society, the most concentrated, and the most vivid expression of the language style of the times, Szentpeter. Fort, 1999). And vocabulary is the most active and most obvious change in the language of newspapers and periodicals, in which colloquial words are used by political critics and journalists as verbal expressive means. These words are concise and vivid, which not only show some social phenomena, but also give them certain emotional evaluations and express the attitude of the people to the objective reality.
Therefore, the study of colloquial word formation in modern Russian newspapers and periodicals will not only help us understand the development trend of modern Russian and the law of development, but also enrich the knowledge about Russian and Russian culture, and then understand Russia's today and yesterday.
Some scholars have already studied the body of newspapers and newspapers and published some relevant treatises. However, the new phenomenon of language in the political discourse in recent annual reports, especially the systematic study of the means of word formation, is limited.
This article uses the latest newspapers and periodicals ("the Communist Youth League truth", "the labor Newspaper >", "the argument and the facts >", "the independent newspaper >" and "the news newspaper", and so on. It adopts the literature analysis and comparison method, the quantitative statistics method, the inductive deduction method and so on, and systematically summarizes and summarizes the active spoken word formation means in the Russian newspapers and periodicals in the new period. In the study of the latest developments in the Russian language, especially the Russian newspapers and periodicals, in order to reveal the dynamic and changing rules of the modern Russian language under the external factors of language, the new features of the Russian newspapers and periodicals are discussed and the changes in Russian society are reflected through the mirror. The full text is composed of the following parts. Cheng: introduction, three chapters, conclusion and bibliography.
The first chapter is an overview of the colloquial and newspaper political corpus. This chapter is the theoretical basis of the whole article, and expounds several concepts involved in the text, such as "spoken language", "newspapers and magazines" and so on, and describes the influence of spoken language in Russian society on the production of modern Russian newspapers and periodicals.
In modern linguistics, spoken language is still a controversial term because people differ from people on oral speech. Most linguists believe that the language has the following basic characteristics: spontaneity, oral form and expressive power; not only the use of neutral words, but also the use of vulgar means, strong derivation, and so on. Generally speaking, spoken language is The source of the change of language and the interpenetration of the spoken language and the language of the newspapers and periodicals, the active application of the spoken words in the newspapers and periodicals has a long history, but only when it is strong and weak, mainly depends on the characteristics of the language itself and the external factors of the language.
The second chapter analyzes the spoken word formation methods used in modern Russian newspapers and periodicals, including condensed suffix, truncation, affixes and other unchanging language units.
From the end of the last century to the beginning of the century, the spoken word formation means used to be used in the language of newspapers and newspapers can form nouns, adjectives and verbs. Because the text of the paper is limited, the spoken word formation means of nouns are mainly introduced.
Nouns occupy a great part of the total number of new words. The most active words with the suffix are the most active suffixes that are the most active use of the noun. Economic principles and modern social factors.
The third chapter analyzes the functions and reasonable application of oral word formation in modern Russian newspapers and periodicals.
In the last 20 years, the vocabulary of the means of spoken word formation has frequently appeared in the style of newspapers and periodicals. Of course, there are many reasons. In addition to the super language factors, this is closely related to the functions of such words in the political discourse of newspapers and periodicals. Compared with neutral words, the means of colloquial words give these words more rhetorical potential. Such as the vivid expression of color, vulgarity, evaluation and novelty. At the same time, we have also made a special explanation of the rational use of words made up of the means of word formation in the style of newspapers and periodicals.
Based on the above research, the following conclusions are drawn.
The internal and external factors of language have led to the change in the language of newspapers and periodicals at the beginning of the twenty-first Century. First, by virtue of its own characteristics, oral word formation has been used as the main expressive means of the newspaper language in the modern Russian newspapers and periodicals in the last ten years. It has played a prominent role and produced the rhetorical effects. Secondly, the composition of spoken words is made up of spoken words. The vocabulary is widely used and favored by the editor. It is worth paying special attention to: they add new notes to the newspapers and periodicals, enhance the expressive force of the text, highlight the present situation of the Russian society, including the changes in the value orientation of the people. It is also important to note that this kind of vocabulary must be followed in the use of the newspapers and newspapers. Specific principles, the distinction between the light and the heavy and the discretion, because the irrational use of such words can destroy the structure of the language of the newspapers and periodicals, and ultimately lead to the reader's failure to understand the language of the newspapers and periodicals correctly.
The research results of the subject are helpful to the development of linguistics, especially the functional rhetoric, which can provide valuable materials for the in-depth study of Russian newspapers and periodicals, at the same time, it can help readers to better understand the Russian language in the new period, understand and master the latest Russian vocabulary more accurately, and overcome the obstacles to the reading and understanding of the Russian newspapers and periodicals.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號(hào)】：G219.512;H35

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