【摘要】：本文對我國新紀(jì)錄食用菌害蟲——泰納異蚤蠅Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney的各個蟲態(tài)形態(tài)學(xué)特征、生物學(xué)習(xí)性進(jìn)行了較詳細(xì)的研究,并以沈陽市彰驛農(nóng)業(yè)高新技術(shù)開發(fā)區(qū)食用菌種植園為例,調(diào)查了該種的發(fā)生規(guī)律及危害狀況,并提出相應(yīng)的防治建議。取得如下結(jié)果:泰納異蚤蠅屬于雙翅目蚤蠅科。其主要特征為:前緣脈上有兩列纖毛,數(shù)量分別為16根和17根。Sc脈色淺不明顯。Rs基部處有一根長鬃,A1+Cu A1脈不明顯。卵長度為0.20mm,寬0.10mm,乳白色。幼蟲分三齡,一齡幼蟲長1.60mm(1.50mm-1.93mm),寬0.34mm(0.30mm-0.48mm);二齡幼蟲長2.54mm(1.92mm-2.85mm),寬0.52mm(0.47mm-0.56mm);三齡幼蟲長3.35mm(2.83mm-3.41mm),寬0.68mm(0.54mm-0.70mm),幼蟲呈白色,具有11體節(jié)。蛹長2.3mm(2.0mm-2.7mm),寬0.80mm(0.67mm-0.95mm),具一對呼吸角。顏色由棕黃色逐漸變?yōu)樯詈稚?羽化時,蛹前端環(huán)形裂開。該種在27℃時,生活周期為21-25d;其中,卵期1d;一齡幼蟲1-2d,二齡幼蟲2-3.5d,三齡幼蟲3-4d;蛹期6-8d;雄性成蟲4-6d;雌性成蟲5-8d。在自然室溫條件下,完成一代所需時間為20-23d;其中,卵期持續(xù)1d;一齡幼蟲1-2d,二齡幼蟲1.5-3d;三齡幼蟲2.5-4d;蛹期6-7d;雄性成蟲4-6d;雌性成蟲5-7d。在沈陽發(fā)生期為9-11月。其爆發(fā)期和溫度、濕度、平菇種植階段等有很大關(guān)系。泰納異蚤蠅對秋季平菇的危害多發(fā)生在10-30℃,在27℃時,蟲量最大,優(yōu)勢度也最高,達(dá)到78.39%。當(dāng)濕度達(dá)60%時,蟲量最大;在不同的種植階段,一茬菇時期,蟲量最大,危害最為嚴(yán)重。根據(jù)泰納異蚤蠅的發(fā)生規(guī)律,并結(jié)合該地區(qū)種植特點提出如下防治建議:(1)殺蟲靈拌料:按每噸菌料拌200g殺蟲靈進(jìn)行配比拌料;(2)日光適時暴曬:布滿幼蟲菌包暴曬3-5天,可將大量幼蟲殺死,使蟲口密度大幅減小;(3)清水浸泡菌包:嚴(yán)重受害的菌包使用清水浸泡6-12小時,可將包內(nèi)幼蟲大量殺死。本文的創(chuàng)新點是:發(fā)現(xiàn)一種危害平菇種植的新害蟲——泰納異蚤蠅(M.tamilnaduensis Disney);對其生活史進(jìn)行研究;摸清在沈陽地區(qū)的發(fā)生規(guī)律;提出相對有效的防治建議。
[Abstract]:In this paper, the morphological characteristics and biological learning characteristics of Megaselia tamilnaduensis Disney, a newly recorded edible fungus pest in China, were studied in detail. The edible fungus plantation in Changyi Agricultural High-Tech Development Zone of Shenyang City was taken as an example. The occurrence law and harm condition of this species were investigated, and corresponding prevention and treatment suggestions were put forward. The results are as follows: the Tylenophora fly belongs to the family Diptera. The main features are as follows: there are two rows of cilia on the front vein, the number of them are 16 and 17, respectively. The color of Sc veins is not obvious. There is a long bristles at the base of Rs, and A 1 Cu A1 veins are not obvious. Egg length is 0.20mm, width is 0.10mm, milky white. The larva is divided into three stages, the first instar larva is long 1.60mm (1.50mm-1.93mm), the width 0.34mm (0.30mm-0.48mm), the second instar larva long 2.54mm (1.92mm-2.85mm), the width 0.52mm (0.47mm-0.56mm); The third instar larva has long 3.35mm (2.83mm-3.41mm) and wide 0.68mm (0.54mm-0.70mm). The larva is white and has 11 knots. The pupa has a long 2.3mm (2.0mm-2.7mm) and a wide 0.80mm (0.67mm-0.95mm) with a pair of respiratory angles. The color gradually changed from brown to dark brown. When emergence occurs, the front end of the pupa dehisces. The life cycle of this species is 21-25 days at 27 鈩，

本文編號：2426757