鎂改性牛龔生物炭對農(nóng)田土壤磷吸附性能及其機(jī)理研究
發(fā)布時間：2019-02-18 13:04
【摘要】：磷是導(dǎo)致水體富營養(yǎng)化的元兇之一,進(jìn)入水體中磷的源頭主要有工業(yè)、生活的點(diǎn)源排放和農(nóng)業(yè)的面源流失。隨著點(diǎn)源排放的有效控制,農(nóng)田面源磷流失成為了重點(diǎn)治理對象。在解決方法上,采用在土壤里添加吸附劑從磷污染源頭控制是最直接有效的手段,既可避免磷的流失造成污染,還可以在后期作為緩釋肥料給植物提供營養(yǎng)。近年來,生物炭因其特殊的環(huán)境功能被廣泛研究,并用于農(nóng)田中營養(yǎng)元素流失的控制。為深入探討生物炭在控制農(nóng)田面源磷污染上的潛力,本研究采用香格里拉本地牦牛糞作為生物炭原料,用鎂離子將其改性以制備出對農(nóng)田土壤中溶解性無機(jī)磷和有機(jī)磷有較強(qiáng)吸附能力的改性生物炭,并應(yīng)用土柱模擬實(shí)驗測定其吸磷和對土壤的改良效果。同時通過研究改性生物炭對無機(jī)磷和有機(jī)磷的吸附動力學(xué)和吸附等溫線模型探討其吸附機(jī)理。其研究結(jié)果表明:(1)將風(fēng)干、破碎后的牛糞用濃度為2 mol/L的鎂離子溶液充分浸漬2小時后烘干,然后用馬弗爐在充氮?dú)獾臈l件下以5℃/min的升溫速率最終溫度分別為300℃、450℃和600℃C熱解3小時,待其自然冷卻后便得到實(shí)驗所需改性生物炭(分別記為MBC300、MBC450和MBC600)。結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他們對磷的吸附能力為MBC600MBC450MBC300。比未用鎂離子改性生物炭對磷具有更強(qiáng)的吸附能力,600℃下燒制的改性生物炭對無機(jī)磷和有機(jī)磷的吸附能力分別提高了 39.89倍和1.33倍。理論上可將其用于控制農(nóng)田土壤中溶解性無機(jī)磷和有機(jī)磷的流失。(2)通過對改性生物炭表面形態(tài)、比表面積、元素分析、pH值進(jìn)行研究發(fā)現(xiàn):熱解溫度越高,改性生物炭的表面越粗糙、比表面積越大、C、H、O、N元素含量減小、pH越高。(3)通過用XRD對鎂改性生物炭進(jìn)行表征,發(fā)現(xiàn)其表面生成了許多MgO晶體和水合氯化鎂晶體,由于MgO晶粒在溶液中常帶正電,進(jìn)而吸附帶負(fù)電的磷基團(tuán),同時生物炭上的水合氯化鎂則易與磷發(fā)生化學(xué)結(jié)合生成微溶的磷酸二氫鎂(Mg(H2PO4)2)和磷酸氫鎂(MgHPO4)等而附著在生物炭表面。從理論上解釋了鎂改性生物炭可以有效的吸附磷,而達(dá)到控制磷的流失。(4)分別通過測定MBC600對無機(jī)磷和有機(jī)磷的吸附能力測定,發(fā)現(xiàn)它們都比較符合準(zhǔn)二級動力學(xué)和Langmuir吸附等溫線模型,MBC600對磷的吸附主要是以均勻的單分子層吸附方式為主的化學(xué)吸附,其理論最大吸附量分別可達(dá)19.18 mg/g 和 26.12 mg/g。(5)將鎂改性生物炭加入到土柱中進(jìn)行淋溶實(shí)驗來模擬,通過對收集的淋濾液進(jìn)行體積、pH和磷含量的分析,解析其輸入農(nóng)田后對磷流失的控制,結(jié)果表明它不僅在前期可以減緩磷的流失,還能在后期持續(xù)釋放磷(P的解析率達(dá)100%),緩慢為植物提供營養(yǎng),可以起到了先控制磷污染然后作為緩釋肥料為植物提供營養(yǎng)的雙重作用。優(yōu)化的結(jié)果是MBC600在農(nóng)田表層土壤應(yīng)用中的最佳輸入量僅為0.05%。因此,可將MBC600作為無機(jī)磷和有機(jī)磷的良好吸附劑應(yīng)用到農(nóng)田土壤中控制磷的流失。(6)通過以上牦牛糞的鎂改性方法制備生物炭的方法和吸磷研究所得的基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù)和理論成果,為高原牦牛糞的高附加值應(yīng)用開辟了一條新路徑,應(yīng)用于農(nóng)田土壤中控制磷的流失,為改性牦牛糞生物炭應(yīng)用于農(nóng)田磷面源污染的防控奠定理論基礎(chǔ),為恢復(fù)高原退化濕地、磷污染防治提供技術(shù)支持。
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is one of the elements that lead to the eutrophication of the water body, and the source of the phosphorus in the water body mainly has the industrial and living point source discharge and the surface source loss of agriculture. With the effective control of point source emission, the loss of source and phosphorus of farmland has become an important subject. in that solution, the control of the addition of the adsorbent from the phosphorus pollution source head in the soil is the most direct and effective means, so that the pollution can be avoided, and the nutrition can be provided to the plant in the later stage as a fertilizer. In recent years, biochar has been widely studied for its special environmental function and used to control the loss of nutrient elements in farmland. In order to study the potential of biological carbon in controlling the phosphorus pollution in the farmland surface, the study adopted the Shangri-La local yak dung as the biological carbon raw material, and modified with the magnesium ion to prepare the modified biological carbon with strong adsorption capacity to the soluble inorganic phosphorus and the organic phosphorus in the farmland soil, and the soil column simulation experiment is applied to determine the effect of the phosphorus absorption and the improvement of the soil. The adsorption mechanism of the modified biochar on the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherm of inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus was also studied. The research results show that: (1) air-dried and crushed cow dung is fully soaked for 2 hours with a magnesium ion solution with a concentration of 2 mol/ L and then is dried, and then the final temperature is 300 DEG C, 450 DEG C and 600 DEG C for 3 hours at a final temperature of 5 DEG C/ min under the condition of nitrogen filling by a muffle furnace, The biological carbon (MBC300, MBC450 and MBC600, respectively) needed to be modified in the experiment was obtained after the natural cooling. The results showed that their adsorption capacity to phosphorus was MBC600MBC450MBC300. and the adsorption capacity of the modified biological carbon fired at 600 DEG C for the inorganic phosphorus and the organic phosphorus is increased by 39.89 and 1.33 times higher than that of the modified biochar which is not modified with the magnesium ion to have a stronger adsorption capacity for the phosphorus and the modified biological carbon fired at the temperature of 600 DEG C. The method can be used for controlling the loss of soluble inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus in the farmland soil. (2) The surface morphology, specific surface area, element analysis and pH value of modified biochar were found: the higher the pyrolysis temperature, the more rough the surface of the modified biochar, the larger the specific surface area, the higher the content of C, H, O, and N, and the higher the pH. (3) the magnesium-modified biological carbon is characterized by XRD, and a plurality of MgO crystals and a hydrated magnesium chloride crystal are formed on the surface of the magnesium modified biological carbon, At the same time, the hydrated magnesium chloride on the biological carbon is easily chemically combined with the phosphorus to form the sparingly soluble magnesium dihydro-magnesium (Mg (H2PO4) 2) and the magnesium phosphate (MgHPO4) and the like to be attached to the surface of the biological carbon. It is theoretically explained that the magnesium modified biological carbon can effectively adsorb the phosphorus, and the loss of the control phosphorus can be achieved. (4) The adsorption capacity of MBC600 to the inorganic phosphorus and the organic phosphorus was determined by the determination of the adsorption capacity of the MBC600 to the inorganic phosphorus and the organic phosphorus, respectively. The theoretical maximum adsorption amount is 19.18 mg/ g and 26. 12 mg/ g, respectively. (5) the magnesium-modified biological carbon is added into the soil column for leaching experiments to simulate, and the control of the loss of the phosphorus after the input of the farmland is analyzed through the analysis of the volume, the pH and the phosphorus content of the collected leaching solution, and the result shows that the method not only can slow the loss of the phosphorus in the early stage, can also continuously release the phosphorus in the later stage (the analysis rate of P is up to 100%), and the plant can be slowly provided with nutrition, so that the phosphorus pollution is firstly controlled, and then the fertilizer is used as a fertilizer for supplying the plant with the double action of nutrition. The result of the optimization is that the best input quantity of MBC600 in the application of soil surface soil is only 0.05%. Therefore, the MBC600 can be used as a good adsorbent for inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus to control the loss of phosphorus in the farmland soil. (6) the method for preparing the biological carbon by the magnesium modification method of the yak dung and the basic data and the theoretical results obtained by the phosphorus absorption research institute, opens a new path for the high-added value application of the plateau yak dung, and is applied to the control of the loss of the phosphorus in the farmland soil, the invention lays a theoretical foundation for the application of modified yak dung biological carbon to the prevention and control of the pollution of the farmland phosphorus surface source, and provides technical support for the restoration of the high-altitude degraded wetland and the phosphorus pollution prevention and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S141
本文編號：2425864
[Abstract]:Phosphorus is one of the elements that lead to the eutrophication of the water body, and the source of the phosphorus in the water body mainly has the industrial and living point source discharge and the surface source loss of agriculture. With the effective control of point source emission, the loss of source and phosphorus of farmland has become an important subject. in that solution, the control of the addition of the adsorbent from the phosphorus pollution source head in the soil is the most direct and effective means, so that the pollution can be avoided, and the nutrition can be provided to the plant in the later stage as a fertilizer. In recent years, biochar has been widely studied for its special environmental function and used to control the loss of nutrient elements in farmland. In order to study the potential of biological carbon in controlling the phosphorus pollution in the farmland surface, the study adopted the Shangri-La local yak dung as the biological carbon raw material, and modified with the magnesium ion to prepare the modified biological carbon with strong adsorption capacity to the soluble inorganic phosphorus and the organic phosphorus in the farmland soil, and the soil column simulation experiment is applied to determine the effect of the phosphorus absorption and the improvement of the soil. The adsorption mechanism of the modified biochar on the adsorption kinetics and the adsorption isotherm of inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus was also studied. The research results show that: (1) air-dried and crushed cow dung is fully soaked for 2 hours with a magnesium ion solution with a concentration of 2 mol/ L and then is dried, and then the final temperature is 300 DEG C, 450 DEG C and 600 DEG C for 3 hours at a final temperature of 5 DEG C/ min under the condition of nitrogen filling by a muffle furnace, The biological carbon (MBC300, MBC450 and MBC600, respectively) needed to be modified in the experiment was obtained after the natural cooling. The results showed that their adsorption capacity to phosphorus was MBC600MBC450MBC300. and the adsorption capacity of the modified biological carbon fired at 600 DEG C for the inorganic phosphorus and the organic phosphorus is increased by 39.89 and 1.33 times higher than that of the modified biochar which is not modified with the magnesium ion to have a stronger adsorption capacity for the phosphorus and the modified biological carbon fired at the temperature of 600 DEG C. The method can be used for controlling the loss of soluble inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus in the farmland soil. (2) The surface morphology, specific surface area, element analysis and pH value of modified biochar were found: the higher the pyrolysis temperature, the more rough the surface of the modified biochar, the larger the specific surface area, the higher the content of C, H, O, and N, and the higher the pH. (3) the magnesium-modified biological carbon is characterized by XRD, and a plurality of MgO crystals and a hydrated magnesium chloride crystal are formed on the surface of the magnesium modified biological carbon, At the same time, the hydrated magnesium chloride on the biological carbon is easily chemically combined with the phosphorus to form the sparingly soluble magnesium dihydro-magnesium (Mg (H2PO4) 2) and the magnesium phosphate (MgHPO4) and the like to be attached to the surface of the biological carbon. It is theoretically explained that the magnesium modified biological carbon can effectively adsorb the phosphorus, and the loss of the control phosphorus can be achieved. (4) The adsorption capacity of MBC600 to the inorganic phosphorus and the organic phosphorus was determined by the determination of the adsorption capacity of the MBC600 to the inorganic phosphorus and the organic phosphorus, respectively. The theoretical maximum adsorption amount is 19.18 mg/ g and 26. 12 mg/ g, respectively. (5) the magnesium-modified biological carbon is added into the soil column for leaching experiments to simulate, and the control of the loss of the phosphorus after the input of the farmland is analyzed through the analysis of the volume, the pH and the phosphorus content of the collected leaching solution, and the result shows that the method not only can slow the loss of the phosphorus in the early stage, can also continuously release the phosphorus in the later stage (the analysis rate of P is up to 100%), and the plant can be slowly provided with nutrition, so that the phosphorus pollution is firstly controlled, and then the fertilizer is used as a fertilizer for supplying the plant with the double action of nutrition. The result of the optimization is that the best input quantity of MBC600 in the application of soil surface soil is only 0.05%. Therefore, the MBC600 can be used as a good adsorbent for inorganic phosphorus and organic phosphorus to control the loss of phosphorus in the farmland soil. (6) the method for preparing the biological carbon by the magnesium modification method of the yak dung and the basic data and the theoretical results obtained by the phosphorus absorption research institute, opens a new path for the high-added value application of the plateau yak dung, and is applied to the control of the loss of the phosphorus in the farmland soil, the invention lays a theoretical foundation for the application of modified yak dung biological carbon to the prevention and control of the pollution of the farmland phosphorus surface source, and provides technical support for the restoration of the high-altitude degraded wetland and the phosphorus pollution prevention and control.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S141
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