【摘要】：我國是甘薯種植面積最大的國家。近些年,甘薯種植戶渴望早日實現(xiàn)機械化生產(chǎn),現(xiàn)有甘薯收獲機械主要參考馬鈴薯收獲機械,缺乏針對性。另外秧蔓的處理多采用人工處理,費事費力,雖然出現(xiàn)幾款甘薯秧蔓處理機械,功能比較單一。在了解國內(nèi)外現(xiàn)有甘薯生產(chǎn)機械的基礎上,研制一款可同時實現(xiàn)甘薯收獲和秧蔓回收的復合機械。主要內(nèi)容有:(1)總體方案設計。主要由動力及傳動系統(tǒng)、履帶底盤、秧蔓回收裝置、挖掘機構、分離輸送機構和集薯、秧箱等組成,利用Solid Works軟件對整機三維建模和虛擬裝配。(2)甘薯秧蔓力學特性試驗。對甘薯秧蔓莖葉和根部分別進行拉伸和剪切試驗,得到甘薯莖葉的拉伸負荷和根部的彈性模量,為后續(xù)相應部件的設計和仿真提供理論依據(jù)。(3)關鍵部件的設計。對圓盤切割器、立式滾筒撥禾機構、挖掘鏟進行受力分析,保證其工作強度符合要求,另外對分離輸送器、夾持輸送鏈進行運動學分析保證其輸送甘薯塊莖和秧蔓的效果最好。在分析的基礎上對各部件進行結構設計和三維建模,其中立式滾筒中凸輪的設計采用MATLAB編程提取輪廓曲線上的數(shù)據(jù)點的方式,保證了凸輪機構的運行精度。(4)對關鍵部件的運動學、動力學仿真。根據(jù)設計參數(shù)運用Adams軟件對圓盤切割器進行運動學仿真,得到了刀片的運動軌跡,保證了不漏切秧蔓主秧莖,設計了正交試驗,對圓盤切割器的參數(shù)進行優(yōu)化;利用EDEM離散元仿真分析軟件對薯、土分離過程進行仿真,得到最優(yōu)運動參數(shù),減小了甘薯破損率;利用Adams軟件對立式滾筒撥禾機構進行了動力學仿真,得到了撥禾齒的位移、速度、加速度曲線圖,驗證了機構的設計合理性。(5)對主要受力部件挖掘鏟進行靜力學仿真。利用ANSYS對挖掘鏟進行了靜力仿真保證結構設計的合理性和在作業(yè)時安全可靠性。(6)秧蔓回收裝置的田間試驗。通過試驗對甘薯秧蔓除凈率、傷薯率、留茬高度、生產(chǎn)率等指標進行考察,驗證圓盤切割器和夾持輸送鏈的性能。并通過正交試驗得到機器前進速度、刀盤轉速、刀盤傾角的最佳參數(shù)組合。(7)創(chuàng)新點。設計一款可同時對甘薯塊莖收獲和秧蔓回收的復合機械,提高了甘薯生成的效率。對撥禾機構進行了創(chuàng)新性設計,解決了秧蔓纏繞撥禾齒的問題。
[Abstract]:Our country is the country with the largest planting area of sweet potato. In recent years, sweet potato growers are eager to realize mechanized production at an early date, and the existing sweet potato harvesting machinery mainly refers to potato harvesting machinery, which lacks pertinence. In addition, the processing of the seedlings more manual, time-consuming, although there are several sweet potato vine processing machinery, the function is relatively simple. On the basis of understanding the existing production machinery of sweet potato at home and abroad, a compound machinery was developed to realize the harvesting of sweet potato and the recovery of seedling vine at the same time. The main contents are as follows: (1) overall scheme design. It is mainly composed of power and transmission system, crawler chassis, seedling vine recovery device, excavating mechanism, separating conveying mechanism and collecting potato, seedling box, etc. The three-dimensional modeling and virtual assembly of the whole machine are carried out by using Solid Works software. (2) Mechanical properties test of sweet potato seedling vine. The tensile load and elastic modulus of the roots and stems of sweet potato seedlings were obtained by tensile and shear tests on the stems, leaves and roots of sweet potato seedlings, which provided the theoretical basis for the design and simulation of the corresponding components. (3) the design of the key components. The mechanical analysis of disc cutter, vertical roller plucking mechanism and excavating shovel is carried out to ensure its working strength meets the requirements. In addition, the kinematics analysis of separating conveyer and gripping conveying chain ensures the best effect of conveying sweet potato tuber and seedling vine. On the basis of analysis, the structural design and 3D modeling of each component are carried out. The design of cam in vertical drum adopts MATLAB programming to extract the data points on the contour curve. The operating accuracy of cam mechanism is guaranteed. (4) Kinematics and dynamics simulation of key components. According to the design parameters, the kinematics simulation of the disc cutter was carried out by using Adams software, the movement track of the blade was obtained, and the main stem of the seedling was not cut out. The orthogonal test was designed to optimize the parameters of the disc cutter. The EDEM discrete element simulation software was used to simulate the separation process of sweet potato and soil, and the optimal motion parameters were obtained, and the breakage rate of sweet potato was reduced. The dynamic simulation is carried out by using Adams software, and the curves of displacement, velocity and acceleration are obtained, which verifies the rationality of the design of the mechanism. (5) static simulation is carried out on the excavating shovel of the main force components. The static simulation of excavating shovel was carried out by using ANSYS to ensure the rationality of structure design and the safety and reliability in operation. (6) Field experiment of seedling vine recovery device. In order to verify the performance of disc cutter and gripping transport chain, the net rate of vine removal, rate of damaged potato, stubble height and productivity of sweet potato seedlings were investigated. Through orthogonal test, the optimum parameters combination of the machine's forward speed, the speed of the cutter head and the inclination angle of the cutter head are obtained. (7) Innovation points. A compound machine was designed to harvest sweet potato tuber and recover seedling and vine at the same time, which improved the efficiency of sweet potato production. The innovative design of the mechanism solves the problem of the twining of the seedling vine and the drawing of the grain teeth.
【學位授予單位】：山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S225.71

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