【摘要】：黑肩綠盲蝽Cyrtorhinus lividipennis是水稻害蟲飛虱和葉蟬的重要天敵,本研究擬研發(fā)植物源引誘劑,調(diào)控黑肩綠盲蝽種群數(shù)量,控制飛虱和葉蟬的為害。通過溶劑浸提法獲得夾竹桃、香菜等8種植物粗提物,用Y型嗅覺儀和H型管分別檢測粗提物對黑肩綠盲蝽若蟲和成蟲的引誘作用,進一步對有引誘活性的粗提物進行分離與成分鑒定,篩選出在室內(nèi)和田間均對黑肩綠盲蝽有引誘作用的兩種化合物單體。主要結(jié)果如下:1.人心果、香菜、夾竹桃枝葉粗提物和高良姜根莖粗提物對黑肩綠盲蝽有顯著引誘效果。檢測8種植物10個不同部位的粗提物對黑肩綠盲蝽的引誘作用,發(fā)現(xiàn)在濃度為50ppm時,人心果、夾竹桃和香菜的粗提物對黑肩綠盲蝽若蟲和成蟲均具有顯著的引誘作用。其中人心果粗提物對若蟲的引誘率最高,達38.89%。香菜粗提物對雌蟲引誘率最高,達46.67%,夾竹桃粗提物則對雄蟲引誘率最高,達46.67%。并且在濃度為5ppm時,香菜和夾竹桃粗提物仍對雄蟲有引誘活性。2.人心果、香菜和夾竹桃的枝葉乙醇粗提物在網(wǎng)室實驗中對黑肩綠盲蝽有引誘活性。香菜粗提物在濃度為400ppm時,對黑肩綠盲蝽引誘率達29.22%;夾竹桃粗提物在濃度為200ppm時,引誘率達28.80%;人心果粗提物在濃度為50ppm時,對黑肩綠盲蝽引誘率28.77%。而高良姜粗提物無引誘活性。3.通過極性分離篩選人心果、高良姜、夾竹桃和香菜粗提物中的活性組分,結(jié)果表明4種植物石油醚層萃取物均對黑肩綠盲蝽若蟲有顯著的引誘活性,人心果石油醚層萃取物引誘率最高,為37.50%。同時夾竹桃和香菜石油醚層萃取物對雄蟲有顯著的引誘活性。4.將夾竹桃、香菜和高良姜石油醚層萃取物用GC-MS進行成分分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)化合物A和化合物B在室內(nèi)和室外對黑肩綠盲蝽均有顯著的引誘作用。挑選了10種化合物,測定這些化合物對黑肩綠盲蝽的引誘作用。室內(nèi)檢測結(jié)果表明在濃度為50ppm時,化合物A和化合物B對黑肩綠盲蝽若蟲和成蟲有極顯著的引誘作用。在網(wǎng)室及田間進一步檢測化合物A和化合物B對黑肩綠盲蝽引誘效果。在網(wǎng)室中,化合物A在濃度為5000ppm時,引誘效果最佳,引誘率高達65.84%�；衔顱在濃度為500ppm時,引誘效果最佳,引誘率為55.64%。在田間試驗中,放置誘芯后黑肩綠盲蝽種群數(shù)量顯著高于對照田塊。因此,化合物A與B具有潛在的應(yīng)用前景。
[Abstract]:Cyrtorhinus lividipennis is an important natural enemy of rice pest planthopper and leafhopper. In this study, a plant-source attractant was developed to control the population number of planthopper and leafhopper, and to control the damage of planthopper and leafhopper. The crude extracts of eight kinds of plants, such as oleander and coriander, were obtained by solvent extraction. The inductive effects of the crude extracts on nymphs and adults were detected by Y type olfactometer and H type tube, respectively. The crude extracts with attractive activity were further separated and identified. Two compounds were isolated and identified, which were seductive to both laboratory and field. The main results are as follows: 1. The crude extracts of human heart fruit, coriander, nectarine branches and leaves and rhizomes of alpinia alpinnata showed significant seductive effects on the black shoulder and green bug. The seductive effects of 10 crude extracts from 10 different parts of 8 species of plants on the stink bugs were investigated. The results showed that the crude extracts of human heart fruit, oleander and coriander had significant seductive effects on nymphs and adults when the concentration was 50ppm. The rate of attracting nymphs was the highest, 38.89%. The seductive rate of the crude extract of coriander to female was the highest (46.67), and that of the crude extract of oleander to the male was the highest (46.67). And when the concentration of 5ppm was 5ppm, the crude extract of coriander and oleander still had attractive activity to males. 2. The ethanol extracts from the branches and leaves of human heart fruit, coriander and oleander were seductive to the black shoulder and green bug in the net room experiment. When the concentration of the crude extract of coriander was 400ppm, the inducement rate of the black shoulder and green bug was 29.22, when the concentration of 200ppm was 200ppm, the lure rate of the crude extract was 28.80. When the concentration of the crude extract of human heart fruit was 50ppm, the attraction rate of the crude extract was 28.77. The crude extract of Ginger had no inductive activity. 3. The active components of the crude extracts of human heart fruit, alpinia officinalis, oleander and coriander were screened by polarity separation. The results showed that the four kinds of plant petroleum ether layer extracts all had significant attractive activity to the nymphs. The attractive rate of the extract from the oil ether layer was the highest (37.50%). At the same time, the petroleum ether layer extract of oleander and coriander had remarkable attractive activity to male insect. 4. 4. Compound A and compound B were analyzed by GC-MS in the petroleum ether layer extracts of oleander, coriander and alpinia officinalis. It was found that compound A and compound B had significant inducement effect on both indoor and outdoor stink bugs. Ten compounds were selected to determine the seductive effect of these compounds on the black shoulder and green bug. The results of laboratory test showed that compound A and compound B had highly attractive effects on nymphs and adults when the concentration was 50ppm. The seductive effect of compound A and compound B to the black shoulder and green bug was further detected in the net room and in the field. When the concentration of compound A is 5000ppm, the attractive effect is the best, and the rate of attraction is 65.84. When the concentration of compound B was 500ppm, the attractive rate was 55.64%. In the field experiment, the population number of the black shoulder and green bug was significantly higher than that of the control field. Therefore, compounds A and B have potential application prospects.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ453.4;S476

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