不同口器昆蟲取食對煙草信號分子及次生代謝物的影響
發(fā)布時間：2018-12-21 20:01
【摘要】：在大自然生存環(huán)境中,植物和昆蟲之間的相互關(guān)系十分復(fù)雜多變,植食性昆蟲取食會增強(qiáng)植物的防御進(jìn)化過程,反之,植物的自我防御又增強(qiáng)了昆蟲對植物的適應(yīng)。本文中,以白肋煙和烤煙為模式植物,研究刺吸式口器和咀嚼式口器昆蟲取食煙草時,發(fā)現(xiàn)不僅煙草體內(nèi)的信號分子一氧化氮和茉莉酸的含量會發(fā)生顯著變化,防御性物質(zhì)也會有不同程度的改變。為測定不同口器昆蟲取食煙草及不同種類的煙草受到相同昆蟲脅迫時,對煙草信號分子和次生代謝物質(zhì)的影響,本文以烤煙和白肋煙為試驗(yàn)對象,分析測定了咀嚼式口器(斜紋夜蛾,Spodoptera litura)和刺吸式口器(煙蚜,Myzuspersicae)取食后,煙草葉部在3天、6天、10天、15天內(nèi)生物堿和蔗糖酯及葉部和根部在3小時、6小時、9小時、12小時內(nèi)一氧化氮和茉莉酸的含量變化。試驗(yàn)表明,對烤煙而言,煙蚜取食后,煙株的防御系統(tǒng)被激活,葉部降煙堿、煙堿和總生物堿含量顯著增加,第6天達(dá)到最高,較對照增加27.92%、89.80%和82.20%;斜紋夜蛾取食后生物堿亦呈逐漸上升后下降趨勢,且在第6天含量達(dá)到最高,降煙堿、煙堿和總生物堿分別較對照增加34.31%、84.06%和79.15%。煙蚜和斜紋夜蛾取食煙株后,煙草體內(nèi)的另一種防御性物質(zhì)蔗糖酯也在不同時間內(nèi)有相似的影響。煙葉中的蔗糖酯含量均在第10天達(dá)到最高,分別較對照增加60.14%和65.90%。而對照組SE含量變化不明顯。類似地,對白肋煙而言,斜紋夜蛾取食后,降煙堿、煙堿和總生物堿含量分別較對照增加77.80%、89.83%和82.12%;斜紋夜蛾取食后,在第10天達(dá)到峰值,較對照增加133.33%。對烤煙而言,煙蚜和斜紋夜蛾取食后,信號分子一氧化氮和茉莉酸的含量在12小時內(nèi)出現(xiàn)波動:在葉部和根部,處理組和對照組中NO含量均呈先增加后降低的趨勢,9小時達(dá)到峰值;處理組中葉部與根部的JA含量較對照顯著增加,在12小時內(nèi),葉部表現(xiàn)為先升后降,根部則呈持續(xù)上升態(tài)勢。斜紋夜蛾取食白肋煙后,信號分子也有相似的變化趨勢。試驗(yàn)研究也間接地表明,同處一個塑料大棚的對照組植株中生物堿、蔗糖酯含量也有一定程度的增加;植株不同部位信號分子含量亦有波動,推測昆蟲的取食可能會激發(fā)鄰近對照植株的防御反應(yīng)。間接或直接地說明實(shí)踐上可利用揮發(fā)性外源信號分子如茉莉酸甲酯(Methyl jasmonate,MeJA)等強(qiáng)化植株自身的防御反應(yīng),以減少化學(xué)農(nóng)藥的使用。
[Abstract]:In the natural living environment, the relationship between plant and insect is very complex and changeable. The phytophagous insect feeding will enhance the defensive evolution process of plant, on the contrary, the self-defense of plant will enhance the adaptation of insect to plant. In this paper, using Burley tobacco and flue-cured tobacco as model plants, it was found that the contents of nitric oxide and jasmonic acid, not only signaling molecules in tobacco, but also the contents of nitric oxide and jasmonic acid in tobacco, were significantly changed. Defensive substances can also change to varying degrees. In order to determine the effects of different mouthparts on tobacco signaling molecules and secondary metabolites under the same insect stress, flue-cured tobacco and Burley tobacco were studied. The masticatory mouthparts (, Spodoptera litura) and, Myzuspersicae) were used to determine the alkaloids and sucrose esters in tobacco leaves within 3 days, 6 days, 10 days, and 15 days after feeding by, Myzuspersicae), and the leaves and roots were at 3 hours, 6 hours and 15 days, respectively. The contents of nitric oxide and jasmonic acid changed within 9 hours and 12 hours. The results showed that, for flue-cured tobacco, the defense system of tobacco plant was activated, the contents of nicotine, nicotine and total alkaloids in leaves increased significantly, and reached the highest level on the 6th day, which increased 27.9289.80% and 82.20% compared with the control. After feeding, the alkaloids of Spodoptera litura increased gradually and then decreased, and reached the highest level on the 6th day, and the contents of nicotine, nicotine and total alkaloids increased 34.31% and 79.15%, respectively, compared with the control. Another defensive substance, sucrose ester, had a similar effect at different time after aphid and Spodoptera litura fed on tobacco plant. The content of sucrose esters in tobacco leaves reached the highest on the 10th day, which increased by 60.14% and 65.90 compared with the control, respectively. There was no significant change in SE content in the control group. Similarly, for Burley tobacco, the contents of nicotine, nicotine and total alkaloids of Spodoptera litura increased 77.8089.83% and 82.12%, respectively. After feeding, Spodoptera litura reached its peak on the 10th day, 133.33 more than the control. For flue-cured tobacco, the contents of signal molecule nitric oxide and jasmonic acid fluctuated within 12 hours after feeding by aphid and Spodoptera litura. The NO content in the leaves and roots of the treatment group and the control group increased first and then decreased. The peak value was reached at 9 hours. The content of JA in the middle leaf and root of the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Within 12 hours, the content of JA in the middle leaf and root increased first and then decreased, and the root showed a continuous rising trend. The signal molecules of Spodoptera litura showed a similar trend after feeding Burley tobacco. The experimental results also indirectly showed that the alkaloids and sucrose esters in the control plants in the same plastic greenhouse also increased to a certain extent. The signal molecular content fluctuated in different parts of the plant, which suggested that the insect feeding might stimulate the defense response of the adjacent control plants. It is suggested indirectly or directly that volatile exogenous signaling molecules such as methyl jasmonate (Methyl jasmonate,MeJA) can be used to enhance the defense response of plants in order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S435.72
本文編號：2389386
[Abstract]:In the natural living environment, the relationship between plant and insect is very complex and changeable. The phytophagous insect feeding will enhance the defensive evolution process of plant, on the contrary, the self-defense of plant will enhance the adaptation of insect to plant. In this paper, using Burley tobacco and flue-cured tobacco as model plants, it was found that the contents of nitric oxide and jasmonic acid, not only signaling molecules in tobacco, but also the contents of nitric oxide and jasmonic acid in tobacco, were significantly changed. Defensive substances can also change to varying degrees. In order to determine the effects of different mouthparts on tobacco signaling molecules and secondary metabolites under the same insect stress, flue-cured tobacco and Burley tobacco were studied. The masticatory mouthparts (, Spodoptera litura) and, Myzuspersicae) were used to determine the alkaloids and sucrose esters in tobacco leaves within 3 days, 6 days, 10 days, and 15 days after feeding by, Myzuspersicae), and the leaves and roots were at 3 hours, 6 hours and 15 days, respectively. The contents of nitric oxide and jasmonic acid changed within 9 hours and 12 hours. The results showed that, for flue-cured tobacco, the defense system of tobacco plant was activated, the contents of nicotine, nicotine and total alkaloids in leaves increased significantly, and reached the highest level on the 6th day, which increased 27.9289.80% and 82.20% compared with the control. After feeding, the alkaloids of Spodoptera litura increased gradually and then decreased, and reached the highest level on the 6th day, and the contents of nicotine, nicotine and total alkaloids increased 34.31% and 79.15%, respectively, compared with the control. Another defensive substance, sucrose ester, had a similar effect at different time after aphid and Spodoptera litura fed on tobacco plant. The content of sucrose esters in tobacco leaves reached the highest on the 10th day, which increased by 60.14% and 65.90 compared with the control, respectively. There was no significant change in SE content in the control group. Similarly, for Burley tobacco, the contents of nicotine, nicotine and total alkaloids of Spodoptera litura increased 77.8089.83% and 82.12%, respectively. After feeding, Spodoptera litura reached its peak on the 10th day, 133.33 more than the control. For flue-cured tobacco, the contents of signal molecule nitric oxide and jasmonic acid fluctuated within 12 hours after feeding by aphid and Spodoptera litura. The NO content in the leaves and roots of the treatment group and the control group increased first and then decreased. The peak value was reached at 9 hours. The content of JA in the middle leaf and root of the treatment group was significantly higher than that in the control group. Within 12 hours, the content of JA in the middle leaf and root increased first and then decreased, and the root showed a continuous rising trend. The signal molecules of Spodoptera litura showed a similar trend after feeding Burley tobacco. The experimental results also indirectly showed that the alkaloids and sucrose esters in the control plants in the same plastic greenhouse also increased to a certain extent. The signal molecular content fluctuated in different parts of the plant, which suggested that the insect feeding might stimulate the defense response of the adjacent control plants. It is suggested indirectly or directly that volatile exogenous signaling molecules such as methyl jasmonate (Methyl jasmonate,MeJA) can be used to enhance the defense response of plants in order to reduce the use of chemical pesticides.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S435.72
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