【摘要】：核桃是世界名優(yōu)干果和木本油料作物,具有極優(yōu)的營(yíng)養(yǎng)價(jià)值,是集經(jīng)濟(jì)效益、生態(tài)效益、社會(huì)效益于一體的優(yōu)秀經(jīng)濟(jì)樹種。本研究以龍山縣為代表對(duì)湘西南核桃種質(zhì)資源進(jìn)行了調(diào)查。初選25個(gè)核桃優(yōu)良單株,分別對(duì)核桃優(yōu)良單株進(jìn)行堅(jiān)果表型性狀和經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、油脂脂肪酸組分含量、油脂理化性質(zhì)及核仁礦質(zhì)元素的測(cè)定。選取堅(jiān)果的主要表型性狀、經(jīng)濟(jì)性狀、脂肪酸組分及含量作為堅(jiān)果品質(zhì)評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo),運(yùn)用主成分分析的方法,對(duì)堅(jiān)果品質(zhì)進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判,完成了對(duì)25株核桃優(yōu)良單株的篩選。對(duì)核仁9個(gè)礦質(zhì)元素進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析和主成分分析,明確各礦質(zhì)元素的多寡,對(duì)實(shí)際生產(chǎn)中選擇宜栽地、施肥等方面有指導(dǎo)意義。得出的主要結(jié)論如下:(1)25個(gè)核桃優(yōu)良單株堅(jiān)果橫徑均值為34.31mm,側(cè)徑均值為31.08mm,縱徑均值為34.39mm,硬殼厚度均值為1.76mm,出仁率均值為50.58%,出油率均值為67.69%。待選核桃優(yōu)良單株堅(jiān)果大多容易剝離,口味良好,符合消費(fèi)者食用的要求。(2)檢測(cè)出的5種脂肪酸平均含量由高到低:亞油酸油酸亞麻酸棕櫚酸硬脂酸。棕櫚酸、硬脂酸和亞油酸的含量較為穩(wěn)定,油酸和亞麻酸的含量不穩(wěn)定。核桃油脂富含不飽和脂肪酸,多不飽和脂肪酸占多數(shù)。各優(yōu)良單株間油脂理化性質(zhì)相差不大。(3)核桃堅(jiān)果重、三徑、出仁率、出油率、核仁飽滿度、核仁充實(shí)度、核仁顏色和亞油酸是評(píng)價(jià)核桃品質(zhì)質(zhì)量的重要指標(biāo)。堅(jiān)果品質(zhì)最優(yōu)的有2號(hào)(白羊大坪1號(hào))、17號(hào)(賈市街上1號(hào))、10號(hào)(靛房聯(lián)興3號(hào))、13(桂塘王道1號(hào))和15號(hào)(華塘將來1號(hào));品質(zhì)最差的有4號(hào)(茨巖樹溪4組)、5號(hào)(大安大灣1號(hào))和7號(hào)(大安桃子1號(hào))。白羊大坪1號(hào)、賈市街上1號(hào)、靛房聯(lián)興3號(hào)、桂塘王道1號(hào)和華塘將來1號(hào)可作為候選優(yōu)良單株,結(jié)合產(chǎn)量、抗逆性等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行全面評(píng)價(jià),選擇育種。研究結(jié)果為核桃優(yōu)良單株篩選和育種提供了參考。(4)各優(yōu)良單株元素含量取均值從高到低依次為:KPMgCaNaMnZnCuFe。鉀平均含量為7121.340μg/g,磷平均含量為3582.477μg/g,鎂平均含量為1636.486μg/g,鈣平均含量為436.508μg/g,鈉平均含量為147.004μg/g,錳平均含量為32.454μg/g,鋅平均含量為23.019μg/g,銅平均含量為13.482μg/g,鐵平均含量為12.479μg/g。品種間各元素變異系數(shù)差異很大,差異最大的為鈣元素,差異最小的為鎂元素。(5)大部分元素之間無(wú)相關(guān)性,鈉元素含量可能與鈣、錳、銅元素含量之間可能存在關(guān)系。礦質(zhì)元素的多寡基本不能代表堅(jiān)果的優(yōu)異。
[Abstract]:Walnut is a famous dry fruit and woody oil crop in the world. It has excellent nutritional value and is an excellent economic tree species with economic, ecological and social benefits. In this study, walnut germplasm resources in Southwest Hunan Province were investigated on behalf of Longshan County. The phenotypic and economic characters of walnut, fatty acid content, physicochemical properties and mineral elements of nucleolus were determined in 25 excellent walnut plants. The main phenotypic characters, economic characters, fatty acid components and contents of nuts were selected as the evaluation indexes of nut quality. The quality of nut was evaluated by principal component analysis, and 25 excellent individual walnut plants were screened. The correlation analysis and principal component analysis of nine mineral elements in nucleolus were carried out to determine the amount of each mineral element, which has guiding significance in selecting suitable planting land and fertilizing in actual production. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the average transverse diameter, lateral diameter, longitudinal diameter, shell thickness and kernel yield of 25 excellent walnut trees were 34.31 mm, 31.08 mm, 34.39 mm, 1.76 mm and 50.58 mm, respectively. The average oil yield is 67.69. Most of the excellent walnut nuts are easy to peel and taste good. (2) the average content of 5 fatty acids detected is from high to low: linoleic acid linolenic acid palmitic acid stearic acid. The contents of palmitic acid, stearic acid and linoleic acid are stable, while oleic acid and linolenic acid are unstable. Walnut oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, polyunsaturated fatty acids account for the majority. (3) the weight of walnut, three paths, kernel yield, oil yield, kernel fullness, nucleolus plumpness, nucleolus color and linoleic acid are important indexes to evaluate the quality of walnut. The best nut quality were No. 2 (Daying No. 1 Aries), No. 17 (No.1 Jiashi Street), No. 10 (No.3 Yuafang Lianxing), No. 13 (No. 1 Wangdao Guitang) and No. 15 (Huatang No. 1); The worst quality were No. 4 (group 4), No. 5 (Da'an Dawan No. 1) and No. 7 (Da'an Peach 1). Daping No. 1 of Aries, No.1 of Street of Jia City, No. 3 of Yuafang Lianxing, No. 1 of Wangdao Road of Guitang and No. 1 of Huatang in the future can be used as candidate single plant for comprehensive evaluation of yield and resistance to stress and selection of breeding. The results provide a reference for the selection and breeding of fine individual plants of walnut. (4) the average value of element content of each fine individual plant from high to low is as follows: KPMgCaNaMnZnCuFe. The average content of potassium is 7121.340 渭 g / g, the average content of phosphorus is 3582.477 渭 g / g, the average content of magnesium is 1636.486 渭 g / g, the average content of calcium is 436.508 渭 g / g, the average content of sodium is 147.004 渭 g / g, the average content of manganese is 32.454 渭 g / g. The average content of zinc is 23.019 渭 g / g, copper is 13.482 渭 g / g, iron is 12.479 渭 g / g. The variation coefficient of each element is very big, the biggest difference is calcium element, and the least difference is magnesium element. (5) there is no correlation between most elements, and the content of sodium may be related to calcium, manganese and copper content. The amount of mineral elements basically does not represent the superiority of nuts.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：S664.1
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本文編號(hào)：2389301