【摘要】：甘藍是我國農民種植的主要蔬菜品種之一,由于產能高、質量好、耐寒性好、儲存運輸方便,種植農戶比較多。目前我國的甘藍收獲機械的研究尚處于起步階段,存在收獲穩(wěn)定性差,收獲質量不佳等問題。本文針對國內甘藍種植占用人力較多、操作難度大、難以大批量生產、種植損失嚴重等一系列問題,結合農戶的實際,在實驗的基礎上,設計一種牽引式甘藍收獲機,重點對雙螺旋拔取輸送機構進行了設計和優(yōu)化,通過試驗驗證機構的可行性。(1)甘藍的物理特性研究。在實驗室測量收獲期早熟結球甘藍的高度、直徑、質量等參數(shù),測定在不同土壤情況下的甘藍拔取力和根莖含水率。試驗結果表明:甘藍在田間的平均拔取力為192.1N;甘藍根莖從上至下的4個不同部位(上部、中部、下部、底部)的含水率呈逐漸減小趨勢,分別為89.42%、86.9%、83.775%、78.34%。(2)甘藍收獲機總體結構設計。通過調查我國東北黑龍江地區(qū)的甘藍種植模式,確定了甘藍收獲機的設計方案。確定了牽引方式、配套動力、收獲行數(shù)以及關鍵機構的主要技術參數(shù)。該機主要由雙螺旋拔取輸送機構、壓頂機構、切根機構、去葉機構、水平輸送機構以及傳動系統(tǒng)等組成。對主要工作部件進行了分析與設計并進行數(shù)據(jù)優(yōu)化,即壓頂機構選擇柔性帶壓頂,提升輸送裝置選擇鏈條式輸送方式,切割機構選擇圓盤切割器,去葉機構采用液壓皮帶滾筒設計。(3)雙螺旋拔取機構的設計與優(yōu)化試驗研究。對雙螺旋拔取機構進行力學分析,建立了其受力分析模型,得出甘藍在正常輸送條件下的影響因子。采用四因素兩水平二次正交旋轉組合設計的試驗方法,選擇螺桿轉速、桿間距離、螺桿節(jié)距、螺桿與地面夾角這四個因素,以拔取輸送率和切根不合格率為目標函數(shù),應用Design-Expert8.0.1軟件進行試驗數(shù)據(jù)的處理與分析,采用多目標優(yōu)化的方法,進行模型優(yōu)化,得到滿足響應變量范圍的因子的最佳組合。優(yōu)化后的結構參數(shù)組合為螺桿轉速為700 r/min、桿間距離為76 mm、螺桿節(jié)距為68 mm、螺桿與地面角度為16°。拔取輸送率可以達到93.7%,切根不合格率低于3%,滿足甘藍收獲的要求。
[Abstract]:Kale is one of the main vegetable varieties planted by farmers in our country. Because of its high production capacity, good quality, good cold tolerance, convenient storage and transportation, there are more farmers planting. At present, the research of kale harvesting machinery in our country is still in the initial stage, there are some problems such as poor harvest stability and poor harvest quality. Aiming at a series of problems, such as consuming more manpower, difficult to operate, difficult to produce in large quantities, and serious planting losses in domestic cabbage planting, a traction harvester is designed based on the experiment, which is based on the practice of farmers. The design and optimization of double helix extraction conveying mechanism were emphasized, and the feasibility of the mechanism was verified by experiments. (1) the physical characteristics of cabbage were studied. The height, diameter and quality of early maturing cabbage were measured in laboratory, and the extraction ability and rhizome moisture content of cabbage under different soil conditions were measured. The results showed that the average extraction capacity of cabbage in the field was 192.1 N. The moisture content of four different parts (upper, middle, lower and bottom) of cabbage rhizome decreased gradually from top to bottom, which was 89.42% 86.9% and 83.775%, respectively. 78.34. (2) overall structure design of cabbage harvester. The design scheme of cabbage harvester was determined by investigating the planting pattern of cabbage in Heilongjiang area of Northeast China. The traction mode, supporting power, the number of rows and the main technical parameters of the key mechanism are determined. The machine is mainly composed of double screw extraction conveying mechanism, pressing mechanism, cutting mechanism, blade removing mechanism, horizontal conveying mechanism and transmission system. The main working parts are analyzed and designed and the data are optimized, that is, the top pressing mechanism selects the flexible belt press, the lifting conveyer selects the chain conveying mode, and the cutting mechanism selects the disc cutter. The blade removal mechanism is designed with hydraulic belt drum. (3) the design and optimization test of double screw extraction mechanism. The mechanical analysis of double helix extraction mechanism was carried out, and the force analysis model was established, and the influencing factors of cabbage under normal transportation conditions were obtained. The four factors of rotating speed, distance between rod, pitch of screw and angle between screw and ground are selected by using the test method of four factors and two level quadratic orthogonal rotation combination design. The objective function is to select the conveying rate and the unqualified rate of cutting root as the objective function. The Design-Expert8.0.1 software is used to process and analyze the experimental data, and the multi-objective optimization method is used to optimize the model, and the optimal combination of factors satisfying the range of response variables is obtained. The optimized structural parameters are as follows: the screw speed is 700rmin, the distance between the rods is 76 mm, the pitch is 68 mm, the angle between the screw and the ground is 16 擄. The rate of extraction and transportation can reach 93.7, and the rate of root cutting is less than 3, which meets the requirements of kale harvest.
【學位授予單位】：昆明理工大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S225.92

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