【摘要】：公益林對維護(hù)生態(tài)環(huán)境、保護(hù)生物多樣性及社會的可持續(xù)發(fā)展作用重大,本文以內(nèi)蒙古達(dá)拉特旗境內(nèi)國家級公益林為研究對象,根據(jù)3種公益林類型占總面積比重與分布情況,選取小葉楊(Populus simonii)、沙柳(Salix psammophila)、羊柴(Hedysarum mongdicum)3種公益林類型,以生態(tài)學(xué)、林學(xué)等多個學(xué)科基礎(chǔ)理論為指導(dǎo),應(yīng)用樣地調(diào)查法及定位監(jiān)測法取得基礎(chǔ)數(shù)據(jù),對這3種類型公益林的涵養(yǎng)水源、固碳釋氧、固土保肥和維護(hù)生物多樣性4種主要的生態(tài)效益進(jìn)行計量分析,運(yùn)用頻度分析法等方法構(gòu)建了包括三個層次,12項(xiàng)具體指標(biāo)的達(dá)拉特旗國家級公益林生態(tài)效益評價指標(biāo)體系,采用層次分析法和熵權(quán)法相結(jié)合方法的評價方法,對達(dá)拉特旗國家級公益林進(jìn)行評價,主要研究結(jié)果如下:(1)涵養(yǎng)水源物質(zhì)量大小順序?yàn)?沙柳(557.1t/hm~2)小葉楊(359.19t/hm~2)羊柴(328.52t/hm~2);固碳釋氧表現(xiàn)為:小葉楊(120.96t/hm~2)沙柳(50.02hm~2)羊柴(45.14hm~2);固土效益為:小葉楊(66.62t/hm~2·a)沙柳(63.67t/hm~2·a)羊柴(62.26t/hm~2·a);保肥效益表現(xiàn)為為沙柳(36.49g/kg)小葉楊(35.49g/kg)羊柴(29.15g/kg);生物多樣性表現(xiàn)為:草本層的生物多樣性效益為沙柳小葉楊羊柴。(2)采用碳稅法、生產(chǎn)成本法等方法對4種主要效益進(jìn)行核算,涵養(yǎng)水源效益價值量表現(xiàn)為沙柳(5403.87元/hm~2)小葉楊(3425.94元/hm~2)羊柴(3186.64元/hm~2)。固碳釋氧效益表現(xiàn)為:小葉楊(25754.24元/hm~2)羊柴(23581.03元/hm~2)沙柳(22276.75元/hm~2)。固土保肥效益表現(xiàn)為:沙柳(7737.1元/hm~2)羊柴(4882.25元/hm~2)小葉楊(4881.67元/hm~2)。生物多樣性效益價值表現(xiàn)為:小葉楊和沙柳相同,Shannon-Wiener指數(shù)級別均為Ⅳ即5000元/hm~2,沙柳林價值為3000元/hm~2。(3)根據(jù)綜合生態(tài)效益的評價值結(jié)果來看,小葉楊(0.3864)沙柳(0.3011)羊柴(0.2641),說明相比之下沙柳的生態(tài)效益最優(yōu)。
[Abstract]:Public welfare forest plays an important role in maintaining ecological environment, protecting biodiversity and sustainable development of society. This paper takes the national public welfare forest in Dalat Banner of Inner Mongolia as the research object, according to the proportion and distribution of three types of public welfare forest in the total area. Based on the basic theories of ecology, forestry and other disciplines, three types of public welfare forest, (Hedysarum mongdicum), (Salix psammophila), and (Salix psammophila), were selected, and the basic data were obtained by sample investigation and location monitoring. The four main ecological benefits of these three types of public welfare forest, such as water conservation, carbon sequestration and oxygen release, soil consolidation and fertilizer conservation and biodiversity maintenance, were analyzed quantitatively and three levels were constructed by frequency analysis. The ecological benefit evaluation index system of the national public welfare forest of Darat Banner is evaluated by using the method of AHP and entropy weight method to evaluate the national public welfare forest of Darat Banner. The main results are as follows: (1) the order of quality of water source is: 557.1t/hm~2 (557.1t/hm~2) 359.19t/hm~2 (359.19t/hm~2) (328.52t/hm~2); Carbon sequestration and oxygen release were shown as follows: 120.96t/hm~2 (50.02hm~2), 50.02hm~2 (45.14hm~2), and 66.62t/hm~2 (66.62t/hm~2 a) 63.67t/hm~2 a (63.67t/hm~2 a, 62.26t/hm~2 a);), and the benefits of soil fixation were as follows: 66.62t/hm~2 (66.62t/hm~2 a), 63.67t/hm~2 a (63.67t/hm~2 a), Sallow (45.14hm~2), and 66.62t/hm~2 (66.62t/hm~2 a), 63.67t/hm~2 a (63.67t/hm~2 a). The benefit of fertilizer conservation was 36.49g/kg (35.49g/kg), 35.49g/kg (29.15g/kg); The biodiversity performance of herbaceous layer is as follows: (2) four main benefits are calculated by carbon tax law and production cost method. The benefit value of water conservation was as follows: Salix (5403.87 yuan / hm~2), poplar (3425.94 yuan / hm~2), wood (3186.64 yuan / hm~2). The benefits of carbon sequestration and oxygen release were as follows: poplar (25754.24 yuan / hm~2), wood (23581.03 yuan / hm~2) and Salix willow (22276.75 yuan / hm~2). The benefits of soil consolidation and fertilizer conservation were as follows: Salix (7737.1 yuan / hm~2), wood (4882.25 yuan / hm~2) and poplar (4881.67 yuan / hm~2). The value of biodiversity benefit is as follows: poplar and Salix are the same, and the Shannon-Wiener index grade is 鈪，

本文編號：2299006