【摘要】：草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)屬于陸地生態(tài)系統(tǒng),生物多樣性豐富,在畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)中起著重要作用,因此維護草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡對畜牧業(yè)發(fā)展有重大意義。鼠害是影響草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)平衡的主要因素之一,其不僅破壞草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的平衡,還會對我國農(nóng)業(yè)和畜牧業(yè)造成重大經(jīng)濟損失。布氏田鼠是我國內(nèi)蒙古草原的優(yōu)勢鼠種,當(dāng)其數(shù)量過多時會對草原和草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成嚴(yán)重破壞。影響動物種群數(shù)量的因素較多,食物豐度是草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)中主要的環(huán)境因素之一,食物豐度是否會影響草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)鼠類種群數(shù)量,是否會對草原害鼠種群的遺傳多樣性產(chǎn)生影響等問題還未見報道。本研究以內(nèi)蒙古草原動物實驗研究站環(huán)境因子可控圍欄的布氏田鼠種群為材料,利用10個多態(tài)性豐富、擴增效果好的微衛(wèi)星位點檢測布氏田鼠種群的遺傳多樣性,分析食物豐度對布氏田鼠種群遺傳結(jié)構(gòu)的調(diào)控效應(yīng)。本實驗分別以增食圍欄和對照圍欄中布氏田鼠種群的腳趾為材料,采用常規(guī)的酚/氯仿抽提法提取布氏田鼠的基因組DNA,用瓊脂糖凝膠電泳檢測提取的基因組DNA;用提取效果較好的DNA為模板,用帶有熒光標(biāo)記(FAM或HEX)的引物進行PCR擴增,以ROX-500為分子量內(nèi)標(biāo),用3730XL測序儀進行毛細管電泳,對所檢測微衛(wèi)星位點進行基因分型,用Popgene軟件、PIC-CALC軟件、GenAlEx6.502、MEGA4x1軟件對每個位點的等位基因數(shù)(Na),有效等位基因數(shù)(Ne),觀測雜合度(Ho),期望雜合度(He),多態(tài)信息含量(PIC),Shannon指數(shù)等遺傳多樣性指標(biāo)進行統(tǒng)計分析。由統(tǒng)計結(jié)果可知,增食圍欄和對照圍欄布氏田鼠種群的平均等位基因數(shù)分別為8和5.3,平均有效等位基因數(shù)分別為4.7677和3.7943,平均觀測雜合度分別為0.71和0.6167,平均期望雜合度分別為0.7789和0.6871,平均多態(tài)信息含量分別為0.7354和0.6226,平均香農(nóng)指數(shù)分別為1.6996和1.3407。將各指標(biāo)進行差異顯著性分析可知,增食圍欄種群的遺傳多樣性均顯著高于對照圍欄種群的遺傳多樣性(P0.05)。將增食圍欄和對照圍欄布氏田鼠的種群數(shù)量進行比較,增食圍欄種群的增長速度高于對照圍欄種群,對種群數(shù)量進行差異顯著性分析可知,增食圍欄布氏田鼠種群數(shù)量顯著高于對照圍欄種群數(shù)量(P0.05)。本研究結(jié)果可知,食物豐度會影響動物種群的遺傳結(jié)構(gòu),進而調(diào)控動物種群數(shù)量的變化。該結(jié)果有助于進一步理解動物種群數(shù)量波動的遺傳調(diào)控機制,同時可為草原鼠害的綜合防控以及草原和草原生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的保護提供科學(xué)依據(jù)。
[Abstract]:Grassland ecosystem is a terrestrial ecosystem with rich biodiversity and plays an important role in animal husbandry production. Therefore, maintaining the balance of grassland ecosystem is of great significance to the development of animal husbandry. Rodent damage is one of the main factors affecting the balance of grassland ecosystem, which not only destroys the balance of grassland ecosystem, but also causes great economic losses to agriculture and animal husbandry in China. Prairie vole is the dominant species of prairie in Inner Mongolia, which will seriously damage the grassland and grassland ecosystem when its population is excessive. Food abundance is one of the main environmental factors in grassland ecosystem. Whether it will affect the genetic diversity of rodent populations has not been reported. In this study, the population of Brucella vole with controlled fences of environmental factors in Inner Mongolia grassland animal experimental station was used to detect the genetic diversity of Brucella vole population by using 10 microsatellite sites with rich polymorphism and good amplification effect. To analyze the effect of food abundance on the genetic structure of Brucella vole population. In this experiment, the toes of Bruccinia vole population in the feeding fence and the control fence were used as materials, respectively. The genomic DNA, of brucelis vole was extracted by the routine phenol / chloroform extraction method. The genomic DNA; extracted by agarose gel electrophoresis was amplified by PCR with primers with fluorescent marker (FAM or HEX). The microsatellite loci were genotyped by capillary electrophoresis using ROX-500 as molecular weight internal standard and 3730XL sequencer. Popgene, PIC-CALC and GenAlEx6.502,MEGA4x1 software were used to analyze the genetic diversity indexes such as (Ho), expected heterozygosity (Ho), (He), polymorphism information content (PIC), Shannon index) and so on. The number of (Na), effective alleles at each locus was analyzed statistically. According to the statistical results, The average number of alleles, effective alleles, observed heterozygosity and expected heterozygosity were 8 and 5.3, 4.7677 and 3.7943, 0.71 and 0.6167, respectively, and the average expected heterozygosity were 0.7789 and 0.6871, respectively. The average polymorphic information content was 0.7354 and 0.6226, and the average Shannon index was 1.6996 and 1.3407 respectively. The results showed that the genetic diversity of the fencing population was significantly higher than that of the control (P0.05). The population growth rate of the increased feeding fence population was higher than that of the control fence population compared with that of the control fence, and the difference between the population numbers was statistically significant. The population of Brucus vole was significantly higher than that of the control (P0.05). The results show that food abundance will affect the genetic structure of animal population and then regulate the change of animal population. The results are helpful to further understand the genetic regulation mechanism of animal population fluctuation and provide scientific basis for the comprehensive control of rodent damage in grassland and the protection of grassland and grassland ecosystem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：曲阜師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S812.6

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