幾種新型肥料對向日葵生理特性及產(chǎn)質量影響的研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-15 07:23
【摘要】：內(nèi)蒙古河套地區(qū)水資源豐富,近幾年河套灌區(qū)種植業(yè)產(chǎn)業(yè)結構的優(yōu)化調(diào)整,向日葵逐漸成為當?shù)氐闹饕耘嘧魑镏?已經(jīng)是當?shù)剞r(nóng)民收入的主要來源之一。隨著向日葵種植面積的不斷擴大,長期固定單一的施肥模式,不僅造成了肥料過量浪費,土壤營養(yǎng)比例失調(diào),破壞了土壤結構,增加了生產(chǎn)成本,而且加速了環(huán)境的污染。本研究將幾種新型肥料和化肥適量化技術相結合,研究施用幾種新型肥料與化肥配合對向日葵生理特性和產(chǎn)質量的影響,為提高向日葵產(chǎn)質量提供理論依據(jù)。(1)適量硅肥能降低食用向日葵的株高,增加食葵的葉面積,提高食葵葉片的SPAD值,提高了食葵的凈光合速率(Pn),蒸騰速率(E),氣孔導度(Gs),降低胞間CO2濃度(Ci);每公頃施用硅肥135Kg的處理株高最低,為321.49cm,比未施用硅肥的對照處理降低了 6.02%;同時也促進了向日葵氮磷鉀的吸收和干物質積累,提高結實率、籽仁率和單盤粒重,進而增加了產(chǎn)量;施用硅肥降低了食用向日葵籽仁粗脂肪含量,提高了籽粒粗蛋白的含量。(2)適量施用腐殖酸水溶肥有利于提高食用向日葵葉面積指數(shù),提高了葉片葉綠素含量。提高了凈光合速率、蒸騰速率和氣孔導度,胞間CO2濃度的下降;施腐殖酸水溶肥還可以促進向日葵對氮磷鉀的吸收;增加株高,促進干物質的積累和轉移,通過提高食用向日葵的單盤粒重、籽仁率及結實率,提高了產(chǎn)量,每公頃施用150Kg的處理產(chǎn)量最高,為3196.20kg/hm2,比未施用腐殖酸水溶肥的對照處理增產(chǎn)12.10%。對向日葵籽仁蛋白質含量無顯著影響。(3)施用牧倫生物有機肥能顯著提高食葵的葉面積指數(shù),延緩葉片衰老,增加葉綠色含量;提高凈光合速率、蒸騰速率和氣孔導的值,增強光合能力;同時增加氮、磷、鉀素的吸收,顯著提高了干物質的積累,每公頃施用1800的處理收獲期干物質量積累達到1681.58 g/株,比對照提高16.31%及各產(chǎn)量構成因素,促進高產(chǎn);提高食用向日葵籽仁的粗蛋白含量和粗脂肪含量。
[Abstract]:There are abundant water resources in Hetao, Inner Mongolia. In recent years, sunflower has become one of the main cultivation crops in Hetao Irrigation area, and has become one of the main sources of local farmers' income with the optimization and adjustment of the industrial structure of planting industry in Hetao Irrigation District in recent years. With the continuous expansion of sunflower planting area, long-term fixation of a single fertilization model, not only caused excessive waste of fertilizer, soil nutrient ratio imbalance, destroyed the soil structure, increased production costs, but also accelerated environmental pollution. In this study, several new fertilizer and fertilizer appropriate technology were combined to study the effects of several new fertilizers and chemical fertilizer on the physiological characteristics, yield and quality of sunflower. In order to provide theoretical basis for improving sunflower yield and quality, (1) appropriate silicon fertilizer can reduce plant height, increase leaf area and increase SPAD value of edible sunflower leaves. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn),) transpiration rate (E),) stomatal conductance (Gs),) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci);) of the treatment treated with 135Kg were the lowest per hectare. It was 321.49 cm, which decreased 6.02 cm compared with the control without silicon fertilizer, promoted the absorption of N, P, K and dry matter accumulation in sunflower, increased the seed setting rate, seed kernel rate and single disc grain weight, and then increased the yield. The application of silicon fertilizer decreased the crude fat content of edible sunflower seeds and increased the content of crude protein in grain. (2) proper application of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer was beneficial to increase leaf area index and chlorophyll content of edible sunflower. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were increased, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was promoted by humic acid solution, the plant height was increased, and the accumulation and transfer of dry matter were promoted. The yield was increased by increasing the single disc grain weight, seed kernel rate and seed setting rate of edible sunflower. The highest yield per hectare of 150Kg was 3196.20 kg / hm ~ 2, which was 12.10% higher than that of the control without humic acid water-soluble fertilizer. There was no significant effect on protein content of sunflower seed kernels. (3) applying animal manure could significantly increase leaf area index, delay leaf senescence, increase leaf green content, increase net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. At the same time, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly increased the accumulation of dry matter. The dry matter mass accumulation of 1800 treatments per hectare reached 1681.58 g / plant, which was 16.31% higher than that of the control, and the yield components were increased to promote high yield. The crude protein content and crude fat content of sunflower seed kernel were increased.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.5
[Abstract]:There are abundant water resources in Hetao, Inner Mongolia. In recent years, sunflower has become one of the main cultivation crops in Hetao Irrigation area, and has become one of the main sources of local farmers' income with the optimization and adjustment of the industrial structure of planting industry in Hetao Irrigation District in recent years. With the continuous expansion of sunflower planting area, long-term fixation of a single fertilization model, not only caused excessive waste of fertilizer, soil nutrient ratio imbalance, destroyed the soil structure, increased production costs, but also accelerated environmental pollution. In this study, several new fertilizer and fertilizer appropriate technology were combined to study the effects of several new fertilizers and chemical fertilizer on the physiological characteristics, yield and quality of sunflower. In order to provide theoretical basis for improving sunflower yield and quality, (1) appropriate silicon fertilizer can reduce plant height, increase leaf area and increase SPAD value of edible sunflower leaves. Net photosynthetic rate (Pn),) transpiration rate (E),) stomatal conductance (Gs),) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci);) of the treatment treated with 135Kg were the lowest per hectare. It was 321.49 cm, which decreased 6.02 cm compared with the control without silicon fertilizer, promoted the absorption of N, P, K and dry matter accumulation in sunflower, increased the seed setting rate, seed kernel rate and single disc grain weight, and then increased the yield. The application of silicon fertilizer decreased the crude fat content of edible sunflower seeds and increased the content of crude protein in grain. (2) proper application of humic acid water-soluble fertilizer was beneficial to increase leaf area index and chlorophyll content of edible sunflower. The net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were increased, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium was promoted by humic acid solution, the plant height was increased, and the accumulation and transfer of dry matter were promoted. The yield was increased by increasing the single disc grain weight, seed kernel rate and seed setting rate of edible sunflower. The highest yield per hectare of 150Kg was 3196.20 kg / hm ~ 2, which was 12.10% higher than that of the control without humic acid water-soluble fertilizer. There was no significant effect on protein content of sunflower seed kernels. (3) applying animal manure could significantly increase leaf area index, delay leaf senescence, increase leaf green content, increase net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance. At the same time, the absorption of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium significantly increased the accumulation of dry matter. The dry matter mass accumulation of 1800 treatments per hectare reached 1681.58 g / plant, which was 16.31% higher than that of the control, and the yield components were increased to promote high yield. The crude protein content and crude fat content of sunflower seed kernel were increased.
【學位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S565.5
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