設施靈武長棗果實裂果特性與防控技術研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-13 15:29
【摘要】：靈武長棗是寧夏地方特色優(yōu)良鮮食棗樹品種,果實營養(yǎng)豐富,酸甜可口,適應性強。近年來當?shù)卮罅Πl(fā)展設施長棗種植,但果實裂果現(xiàn)象較為嚴重。本研究以設施栽培靈武長棗為材料,采用室內(nèi)浸泡果實觀察裂果特性,田間調(diào)查設施栽培靈武長棗裂果發(fā)生規(guī)律;設置控制土壤水分與噴施防裂果營養(yǎng)液兩種試驗,測定不同處理下果實裂果與營養(yǎng)品質等指標,篩選確定防控靈武長棗果實裂果的技術。主要結果如下:1.設施栽培靈武長棗果實裂果方式有4種:橫裂、縱裂、橫裂+縱裂、不規(guī)則裂;裂果率與空氣濕度、溫度呈正相關。2.靈武長棗果實裂果發(fā)生與其著色率、果實大小密切相關。其中全紅果總吸水量比75%著色果的多,并且全紅果裂果率、裂果指數(shù)都大于75%著色果;不同果實大小等級的果實裂果率大小順序依次是:三等果四等果一等果二等果。3.土壤含水量影響果實裂果與品質。土壤含水量為田間最大持水量60～70%水平下,各覆蓋處理的裂果率均低于土壤含水量為田間最大持水量70～80%水平的各處理,其中采用黑色地膜覆蓋處理的裂果率最低(18.22%)。土壤含水量為田間最大持水量70～80%水平下,采用黑色地膜覆蓋處理能促進棗吊生長,提高葉綠素含量、可溶性固形物、糖酸比。土壤含水量為田間最大持水量60～70%水平下,采用黑色地膜覆蓋處理對果實縱徑、橫徑、可溶性糖有提高作用,采用覆草處理的果實產(chǎn)量、單果重最高。4.噴施不同濃度的食用牛奶(N)、知青糖醇鈣(T)、好能含腐殖酸水溶肥料(HN)、大不裂(D)、真果麗中量元素水溶肥料(Z)、華碩植物營養(yǎng)液(HS)對靈武長棗果實裂果的防治效果不同。不同營養(yǎng)液噴施均可顯著降低設施栽培靈武長棗的裂果率,提高靈武長棗的單果重、可溶性固形物、可溶性糖含量和Vc含量。其中大不裂(D1000)處理對裂果防治效果最好,比對照(不噴施任何營養(yǎng)液CK2)處理的裂果率降低25.82%。靈武長棗果實裂果發(fā)生與空氣濕度、溫度有關。土壤含水量為田間最大持水量60～70%水平下,采用黑色地膜覆蓋可降低裂果率;噴施好能含腐殖酸水溶肥料(HN)、大不裂(D)、華碩植物營養(yǎng)液(HS)可降低果實裂果率,因此建議在生產(chǎn)中推廣覆膜控制土壤含水分水平,并配合噴施營養(yǎng)液來防治裂果。
[Abstract]:Lingwu Changzao is an excellent fresh jujube variety with local characteristics in Ningxia. Its fruit is rich in nutrition, sour, sweet and delicious, and has strong adaptability. In recent years, local efforts to develop facilities of jujube planting, but the fruit cracking phenomenon is more serious. In this study, Lingwu Changzao jujube was cultivated in greenhouse, the fruit was soaked in laboratory to observe the characteristics of fruit cracking, the rule of occurrence was investigated in the field, and two kinds of experiments were set up to control soil moisture and spray the nutrient solution of anti-cracking fruit. The indexes of fruit dehiscence and nutritional quality under different treatments were determined and the control techniques of Lingwu Changzao fruit were selected. The main results are as follows: 1. There are four types of fruit cracking in protected cultivation of Lingwu Changzao: transverse, longitudinal, transverse, irregular, and the rate of fruit cracking is positively correlated with air humidity and temperature. 2. The fruit cracking of Lingwu Changzao was closely related to its color rate and fruit size. The total water absorption of red fruit was more than that of 75% colored fruit, and the rate and index of the whole red fruit were all larger than 75%, and the order of fruit cracking rate of different size grades was: third, fourth, first, second, third. Soil moisture content affects fruit cracking and quality. When the soil moisture content was the maximum water holding capacity of 60 ~ 70% in the field, the dehiscence rate of each mulching treatment was lower than that of the treatment with soil water content of 70 ~ 80% in the field, among which the black mulching treatment had the lowest (18.22%). When the soil moisture content was 70 ~ 80%, the black film mulching treatment could promote the growth of jujube, increase the chlorophyll content, soluble solids and the ratio of sugar to acid. When the soil moisture content was the maximum water holding capacity of 6070% in the field, the black film mulching treatment could increase the fruit longitudinal diameter, horizontal diameter and soluble sugar, and the fruit yield under the mulching treatment was the highest, and the fruit weight per fruit was the highest (4. 4%). Spraying different concentrations of edible milk (N), educated glycosylated calcium (T), can contain humic acid water soluble fertilizer (HN), not cracked (D), water soluble medium element fertilizer (Z), Asus plant nutrient solution (HS) has different control effect on fruit split of Lingwu Zizyphus jujuba. Spraying with different nutrient solution could significantly reduce the split rate of Lingwu Changzao in protected cultivation, and increase the single fruit weight, soluble solids, soluble sugar content and Vc content of Lingwu Changzao jujube. The treatment of D1000 had the best effect on the control of dehiscence, which was 25.82% lower than that of the control (CK2 without any nutrient solution). The fruit cracking of Lingwu Changzao was related to air humidity and temperature. When soil moisture content was 6070%, black film mulching could reduce the rate of fruit cracking, and spraying water soluble fertilizer (HN), containing humic acid could reduce the rate of fruit split, while (HS) could reduce the rate of fruit cracking. Therefore, it is suggested that mulching control soil moisture level and spraying nutrient solution to control fruit cracking in production.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S628;S665.1
本文編號：2269116
[Abstract]:Lingwu Changzao is an excellent fresh jujube variety with local characteristics in Ningxia. Its fruit is rich in nutrition, sour, sweet and delicious, and has strong adaptability. In recent years, local efforts to develop facilities of jujube planting, but the fruit cracking phenomenon is more serious. In this study, Lingwu Changzao jujube was cultivated in greenhouse, the fruit was soaked in laboratory to observe the characteristics of fruit cracking, the rule of occurrence was investigated in the field, and two kinds of experiments were set up to control soil moisture and spray the nutrient solution of anti-cracking fruit. The indexes of fruit dehiscence and nutritional quality under different treatments were determined and the control techniques of Lingwu Changzao fruit were selected. The main results are as follows: 1. There are four types of fruit cracking in protected cultivation of Lingwu Changzao: transverse, longitudinal, transverse, irregular, and the rate of fruit cracking is positively correlated with air humidity and temperature. 2. The fruit cracking of Lingwu Changzao was closely related to its color rate and fruit size. The total water absorption of red fruit was more than that of 75% colored fruit, and the rate and index of the whole red fruit were all larger than 75%, and the order of fruit cracking rate of different size grades was: third, fourth, first, second, third. Soil moisture content affects fruit cracking and quality. When the soil moisture content was the maximum water holding capacity of 60 ~ 70% in the field, the dehiscence rate of each mulching treatment was lower than that of the treatment with soil water content of 70 ~ 80% in the field, among which the black mulching treatment had the lowest (18.22%). When the soil moisture content was 70 ~ 80%, the black film mulching treatment could promote the growth of jujube, increase the chlorophyll content, soluble solids and the ratio of sugar to acid. When the soil moisture content was the maximum water holding capacity of 6070% in the field, the black film mulching treatment could increase the fruit longitudinal diameter, horizontal diameter and soluble sugar, and the fruit yield under the mulching treatment was the highest, and the fruit weight per fruit was the highest (4. 4%). Spraying different concentrations of edible milk (N), educated glycosylated calcium (T), can contain humic acid water soluble fertilizer (HN), not cracked (D), water soluble medium element fertilizer (Z), Asus plant nutrient solution (HS) has different control effect on fruit split of Lingwu Zizyphus jujuba. Spraying with different nutrient solution could significantly reduce the split rate of Lingwu Changzao in protected cultivation, and increase the single fruit weight, soluble solids, soluble sugar content and Vc content of Lingwu Changzao jujube. The treatment of D1000 had the best effect on the control of dehiscence, which was 25.82% lower than that of the control (CK2 without any nutrient solution). The fruit cracking of Lingwu Changzao was related to air humidity and temperature. When soil moisture content was 6070%, black film mulching could reduce the rate of fruit cracking, and spraying water soluble fertilizer (HN), containing humic acid could reduce the rate of fruit split, while (HS) could reduce the rate of fruit cracking. Therefore, it is suggested that mulching control soil moisture level and spraying nutrient solution to control fruit cracking in production.
【學位授予單位】：寧夏大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：S628;S665.1
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