【摘要】：近年來(lái),國(guó)內(nèi)苜蓿干草產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展迅速,苜蓿種植面積不斷擴(kuò)大,但是由于苜蓿干草生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中生產(chǎn)者科學(xué)意識(shí)、技術(shù)推廣應(yīng)用等方面的滯后,國(guó)內(nèi)苜蓿干草質(zhì)量問(wèn)題突出,導(dǎo)致我國(guó)苜蓿干草質(zhì)量與國(guó)際市場(chǎng)相差甚遠(yuǎn),畜牧業(yè)生產(chǎn)所需優(yōu)質(zhì)苜蓿干草對(duì)進(jìn)口依賴嚴(yán)重。為了探究我國(guó)苜蓿干草生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中機(jī)械化收獲和調(diào)制作業(yè)導(dǎo)致質(zhì)量和產(chǎn)量損失,本研究以"金皇后"紫花苜蓿作為試驗(yàn)材料,通過(guò)研究不同留茬高度刈割苜蓿產(chǎn)量和營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)損失情況,以及不同時(shí)間翻摟、打捆作業(yè)過(guò)程中營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)損失情況,分析田間生產(chǎn)苜蓿干草過(guò)程中莖葉比、CP含量以及RFV值變化規(guī)律,從而探究出苜蓿田間生產(chǎn)中機(jī)械作業(yè)在不同處理下苜蓿產(chǎn)量、營(yíng)養(yǎng)品質(zhì)損失率。通過(guò)研究,本論文得出以下結(jié)論:(1)苜蓿全年草產(chǎn)量損失率隨留茬高度升高而升高,損失率在留茬高度為8～11cm時(shí)最高,為14.32%,顯著高于其他留茬高度,留茬高度2～5cm和5～8cm時(shí)損失率分別為3.47%和6.01%。(2)與留茬高度最高時(shí)(8～11cm)相比,三茬苜蓿在不同留茬高度刈割時(shí)葉片損失率在0～2cm時(shí)最高,分別為12.78%、15.72%和15.01%,在5～8cm刈割時(shí)葉片損失不明顯;各茬次CP損失率最高均在留茬0～2cm時(shí),分別為14.10%、11.09%、8.66%,RFV損失率最高均在0～2cm,三茬次0～2cm時(shí)刈割,分別為 7.05%、14.93%和 16.37%。(3)摟草作業(yè)后苜蓿葉片和品質(zhì)損失明顯。各茬次一天內(nèi)不同時(shí)間摟草作業(yè)苜蓿葉片損失率最低均是在21:00,分別為5.76%(第一茬),17.96%(第二茬)和7.86%(第三茬);CP損失率最低分別在21:00(6.72%)、6:00(4.75%)和 21:00(4.49%),RFV 損失率最低分別在 6:00(1.94%)、21:00(3.95)和 21:00(0.61)。(4)打捆作業(yè)后葉片、CP、RFV均損失明顯。一、二、三茬不同時(shí)間打捆作業(yè)時(shí)葉片損失率最低均在6:00,分別為35.74%、24.92%和13.00%,CP損失率分別在 21:00(7.69%)、6:00(8.99%)、6:00(11.98%)時(shí)最低;RFV損失率最低分別在 6:00(12.34%)、9:00(9.14%)6:00(7.53)。(5)綜合研究,建議在苜蓿機(jī)械化收獲調(diào)制高品質(zhì)苜蓿干草時(shí),應(yīng)在留茬8～11cm時(shí)刈割,摟草作業(yè)應(yīng)在21:00后進(jìn)行,打捆作業(yè)應(yīng)在6:00前進(jìn)行。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the alfalfa hay industry has developed rapidly in China, and the alfalfa planting area has been continuously expanded. However, due to the lag in the scientific consciousness of the producers and the popularization and application of the technology in the production process of alfalfa hay, the quality problems of alfalfa hay in China are prominent. As a result, the quality of alfalfa hay in our country is far from that in the international market, and the high quality alfalfa hay needed for animal husbandry production depends heavily on the import of alfalfa hay. In order to investigate the loss of quality and yield caused by mechanized harvesting and modulation in the production of alfalfa hay in China, the "Jinhuang Queen" alfalfa was used as the experimental material in this study. The loss of alfalfa yield and nutrition quality at different stubble height was studied, and the loss of nutrition quality in the process of twisting and bundling at different time was also studied. The changes of CP content and RFV value of stem and leaf ratio in field production of alfalfa hay were analyzed, and the loss rate of alfalfa yield and nutrition quality under different treatments were explored. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the yield loss rate of alfalfa increased with the increase of stubble height, and the loss rate was the highest at stubble height (8~11cm), which was significantly higher than that of other stubble heights. The loss rates of 2~5cm and 5~8cm at stubble height were 3.47% and 6.01% respectively. (2) compared with the highest stubble height (8~11cm), the leaf loss rate of triple-stubble alfalfa was the highest at different stubble height (0~2cm). It was 12.787.72% and 15.01%, respectively, and the loss of leaf was not obvious at the time of 5~8cm clipping, and the highest loss rate of CP in each crop was 14.10% and 11.09%, 8.66 cm when stubble 0~2cm, respectively, and the highest loss rate of CP was at 0 ~ 2 cm when 0~2cm was clipped three times. 7.05% and 16.37%, respectively. (3) the loss of alfalfa leaves and quality was obvious. The lowest loss rate of alfalfa leaves was 21: 00 at different times of the day, 5.76% (the first crop) and 7.86% (the third crop) respectively. The lowest loss rate of CP was at 21:00 (6.72%) at 6: 00 (4.75%) and 21:00 (4.49%) at 6:00 (1.94%) at 6:00 (1.95%) and 6:00 (0.61). (4), respectively, at 21:00 (6.72%) and 21:00 (4.49%) at 6:00 (1.94%), respectively. The RFV loss of leaves was obvious after baling. In the first, second and third crop, the lowest loss rate of leaves was at 6: 00, and the lowest loss rate was at 6:00 (12.34%) at 6:00 (9.14%), 6:00 (9.14%) at 6:00 (9.14%), 6:00 (7.53). (5) at 21:00 (7.69%) and 13.00% (8.99%), respectively. It is suggested that when high quality alfalfa hay is prepared by mechanized harvesting of alfalfa, cutting should be done at the time of stubble 8~11cm, crouching operation should be carried out after 21:00, and baling operation should be carried out before 6:00.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：內(nèi)蒙古農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：S541.9

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本文編號(hào)：2250302